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Reinforcement Learning (RL) traditionally relies on scalar reward signals, limiting its ability to leverage the rich semantic knowledge often available in real-world tasks. In contrast, humans learn efficiently by combining numerical…

Many robotic tasks are composed of a lot of temporally correlated sub-tasks in a highly complex environment. It is important to discover situational intentions and proper actions by deliberating on temporal abstractions to solve problems…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-26 Se-Wook Yoo , Seung-Woo Seo

Deep reinforcement learning algorithms require large amounts of experience to learn an individual task. While in principle meta-reinforcement learning (meta-RL) algorithms enable agents to learn new skills from small amounts of experience,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-21 Kate Rakelly , Aurick Zhou , Deirdre Quillen , Chelsea Finn , Sergey Levine

In edge computing systems, autonomous agents must make fast local decisions while competing for shared resources. Existing MARL methods often resume to centralized critics or frequent communication, which fail under limited observability…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Andrea Fox , Francesco De Pellegrini , Eitan Altman

Reinforcement learning (RL) and model predictive control (MPC) offer a wealth of distinct approaches for automatic decision-making under uncertainty. Given the impact both fields have had independently across numerous domains, there is…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-13 Nathan P. Lawrence , Philip D. Loewen , Michael G. Forbes , R. Bhushan Gopaluni , Ali Mesbah

Most reinforcement learning algorithms are inefficient for learning multiple tasks in complex robotic systems, where different tasks share a set of actions. In such environments a compound policy may be learnt with shared neural network…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-03-01 Parijat Dewangan , S Phaniteja , K Madhava Krishna , Abhishek Sarkar , Balaraman Ravindran

Vision-language models are increasingly employed as multimodal conversational agents (MCAs) for diverse conversational tasks. Recently, reinforcement learning (RL) has been widely explored for adapting MCAs to various human-AI interaction…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Yongqi Li , Hao Lang , Tieyun Qian , Yongbin Li

Multimodal machine translation is one of the applications that integrates computer vision and language processing. It is a unique task given that in the field of machine translation, many state-of-the-arts algorithms still only employ…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-05-08 Xin Qian , Ziyi Zhong , Jieli Zhou

Real-world reinforcement learning (RL) problems often demand that agents behave safely by obeying a set of designed constraints. We address the challenge of safe RL by coupling a safety guide based on model predictive control (MPC) with a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-30 Samuel Pfrommer , Tanmay Gautam , Alec Zhou , Somayeh Sojoudi

Goal-conditioned Reinforcement Learning (RL) aims at learning optimal policies, given goals encoded in special command inputs. Here we study goal-conditioned neural nets (NNs) that learn to generate deep NN policies in form of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-05 Francesco Faccio , Vincent Herrmann , Aditya Ramesh , Louis Kirsch , Jürgen Schmidhuber

Several recent works have been dedicated to unsupervised reinforcement learning in a single environment, in which a policy is first pre-trained with unsupervised interactions, and then fine-tuned towards the optimal policy for several…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-17 Mirco Mutti , Mattia Mancassola , Marcello Restelli

This work proposes a neural network architecture that learns policies for multiple agent classes in a heterogeneous multi-agent reinforcement setting. The proposed network uses directed labeled graph representations for states, encodes…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-10-22 Douglas De Rizzo Meneghetti , Reinaldo Augusto da Costa Bianchi

Humans generally use natural language to communicate task requirements to each other. Ideally, natural language should also be usable for communicating goals to autonomous machines (e.g., robots) to minimize friction in task specification.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-17 Li Zhou , Kevin Small

Large language models (LLMs) increasingly rely on multi-turn tool-integrated planning for knowledge-intensive and complex reasoning tasks. Existing implementations typically rely on a single agent, but they suffer from limited context…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Zhanfeng Mo , Xingxuan Li , Yuntao Chen , Lidong Bing

In this paper, we present a deep reinforcement learning (RL) framework for iterative dialog policy optimization in end-to-end task-oriented dialog systems. Popular approaches in learning dialog policy with RL include letting a dialog agent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-09-20 Bing Liu , Ian Lane

Although deep RL models have shown a great potential for solving various types of tasks with minimal supervision, several key challenges remain in terms of learning from limited experience, adapting to environmental changes, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-07-10 Dongjae Kim , Jee Hang Lee , Jae Hoon Shin , Minsu Abel Yang , Sang Wan Lee

Large language models (LLMs) transcend passive generation and act as goal-directed agents by invoking external tools. Reinforcement learning (RL) offers a principled framework for optimizing these emergent tool-use policies, yet the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Zihan Lin , Xiaohan Wang , Jie Cao , Jiajun Chai , Guojun Yin , Wei Lin , Ran He

With the rise of online e-commerce platforms, more and more customers prefer to shop online. To sell more products, online platforms introduce various modules to recommend items with different properties such as huge discounts. A web page…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-01 Xu He , Bo An , Yanghua Li , Haikai Chen , Rundong Wang , Xinrun Wang , Runsheng Yu , Xin Li , Zhirong Wang

This paper studies the control synthesis of motion planning subject to uncertainties. The uncertainties are considered in robot motions and environment properties, giving rise to the probabilistic labeled Markov decision process (PL-MDP). A…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Mingyu Cai , Shaoping Xiao , Zhijun Li , Zhen Kan

The trend towards large language models (LLMs) for guardrailing against undesired behaviors is increasing and has shown promise for censoring user inputs. However, increased latency, memory consumption, hosting expenses and non-structured…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-30 James O' Neill , Santhosh Subramanian , Eric Lin , Vaikkunth Mugunthan