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We present an algorithm for error correction in topological codes that exploits modern machine learning techniques. Our decoder is constructed from a stochastic neural network called a Boltzmann machine, of the type extensively used in deep…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-07-20 Giacomo Torlai , Roger G. Melko

We investigate layer codes, a family of three-dimensional stabilizer codes that can achieve optimal scaling of code parameters and a polynomial energy barrier, as candidates for self-correcting quantum memories. First, we introduce two…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-09 Shouzhen Gu , Libor Caha , Shin Ho Choe , Zhiyang He , Aleksander Kubica , Eugene Tang

We study the protection of information in nearly critical topological quantum codes, constructed by perturbing topological stabilizer codes towards continuous quantum phase transitions. Our focus is on the transverse-field toric code…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-03-17 Zack Weinstein , Samuel J. Garratt

Quantum error correction is indispensable for scalable quantum computation. Although encoding logical qubits substantially enhances noise resilience, achieving logical error rates low enough for practical algorithms remains challenging on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-27 Haipeng Xie , Nobuyuki Yoshioka , Kento Tsubouchi , Ying Li

With fault-tolerant quantum computing (FTQC) on the horizon, it is critical to understand sources of logical error in plausible hardware implementations of quantum error-correcting codes (QECC). In this work, we consider logical error rates…

Flag-style fault-tolerance has become a linchpin in the realization of small fault-tolerant quantum-error correction experiments. The flag protocol's utility hinges on low qubit overhead, which is typically much smaller than in other…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-05 Dhruv Bhatnagar , Matthew Steinberg , David Elkouss , Carmen G. Almudever , Sebastian Feld

We examine the performance of the single-mode GKP code and its concatenation with the toric code for a noise model of Gaussian shifts, or displacement errors. We show how one can optimize the tracking of errors in repeated noisy error…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-04-02 Christophe Vuillot , Hamed Asasi , Yang Wang , Leonid P. Pryadko , Barbara M. Terhal

Quantum error correcting code can diagnose potential errors and correct them based on measured outcomes by leveraging syndrome measurement. However, mid-circuit measurement has been technically challenging for early fault-tolerant quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-09 Yunzhe Zheng , Keita Kanno

In this work, we develop an efficient decoding method for graph codes, a class of stabilizer quantum error-correcting codes constructed from graph states. While optimal decoding is generally NP-hard, we propose a faster decoder exploiting…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-17 Nirupam Basak , Goutam Paul

The development and use of large-scale quantum computers relies on integrating quantum error-correcting (QEC) schemes into the quantum computing pipeline. A fundamental part of the QEC protocol is the decoding of the syndrome to identify a…

The realization of quantum error correction protocols whose logical error rates are suppressed far below physical error rates relies on an intricate combination: the error-correcting code's efficiency, the syndrome extraction circuit's…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-06 Andrey Boris Khesin , Jonathan Z. Lu

Quantum error correction requires the use of error syndromes derived from measurements that may be unreliable. Recently, quantum data-syndrome (QDS) codes have been proposed as a possible approach to protect against both data and syndrome…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-06 Andrew Nemec

Fault-tolerant logical operations for qubits encoded by CSS codes are discussed, with emphasis on methods that apply to codes of high rate, encoding k qubits per block with k>1. It is shown that the logical qubits within a given block can…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-05-29 Andrew M. Steane , Ben Ibinson

Color code is a promising topological code for fault-tolerant quantum computing. Insufficient research on the color code has delayed its practical application. In this work, we address several key issues to facilitate practical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-04 Jiaxuan Zhang , Yu-Chun Wu , Guo-Ping Guo

The realistic coherent errors could induce very different behaviors compared with their stochastic counterparts in the quantum error correction (QEC) and fault tolerant quantum computation. Their impacts are believed to be very subtle, more…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-02 Yuanchen Zhao , Dong E. Liu

Typical stabilizer codes aim to solve the general problem of fault-tolerance without regard for the structure of a specific system. By incorporating a broader representation-theoretic perspective, we provide a generalized framework that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-30 Zachary P. Bradshaw , Margarite L. LaBorde , Dillon Montero

We give an introduction to the theory of quantum error correction using stabilizer codes that is geared towards the working computer scientists and mathematicians with an interest in exploring this area. To this end, we begin with an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-03 Zachary P. Bradshaw , Jeffrey J. Dale , Ethan N. Evans

We study the error threshold of color codes, a class of topological quantum codes that allow a direct implementation of quantum Clifford gates suitable for entanglement distillation, teleportation and fault-tolerant quantum computation. We…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2009-08-24 Helmut G. Katzgraber , H. Bombin , M. A. Martin-Delgado

The importance of quantum error correction in paving the way to build a practical quantum computer is no longer in doubt. This dissertation makes a threefold contribution to the mathematical theory of quantum error-correcting codes.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-10-16 Pradeep Kiran Sarvepalli

We discuss stabilizer quantum-error correction codes implemented in a single multi-level qudit to avoid resource escalation typical of multi-qubit codes. These codes can be customized to the specific physical errors on the qudit,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-16 Matteo Mezzadri , Alessandro Chiesa , Luca Lepori , Stefano Carretta