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Planar functions over finite fields give rise to finite projective planes. They were also used in the constructions of DES-like iterated ciphers, error-correcting codes, and codebooks. They were originally defined only in finite fields with…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-09-06 Longjiang Qu

Random number generators (RNG) are essential elements in many cryptographic systems. True random number generators (TRNG) rely upon sources of randomness from natural processes such as those arising from quantum mechanics phenomena. We…

We show the following hold, unconditionally unless otherwise stated, relative to a random oracle: - There are NP search problems solvable by quantum polynomial-time machines but not classical probabilistic polynomial-time machines. - There…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-12 Takashi Yamakawa , Mark Zhandry

Quantum computational pseudorandomness has emerged as a fundamental notion that spans connections to complexity theory, cryptography and fundamental physics. However, all known constructions of efficient quantum-secure pseudorandom objects…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-28 Soumik Ghosh , Sathyawageeswar Subramanian , Wei Zhan

Halfspaces or linear threshold functions are widely studied in complexity theory, learning theory and algorithm design. In this work we study the natural problem of constructing pseudorandom generators (PRGs) for halfspaces over the sphere,…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2015-03-30 Pravesh Kothari , Raghu Meka

Constructing a Pseudo Random Function (PRF) is a fundamental problem in cryptology. Such a construction, implemented by truncating the last $m$ bits of permutations of $\{0, 1\}^{n}$ was suggested by Hall et al. (1998). They conjectured…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-03-23 Shoni Gilboa , Shay Gueron

Cryptographic random number generation is critical for any quantum safe encryption. Based on the natural uncertainty of some quantum processes, variety of quantum random number generators or QRNGs have been created with physical quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-03 Randy Kuang , Dafu Lou , Alex He , Chris McKenzie , Michael Redding

The ever-increasing need for random numbers is clear in many areas of computer science, from neural networks to optimization. As such, most common programming language provide easy access to Pseudorandom Number Generators. However, these…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2021-09-28 Nils van den Honert , Diederick Vermetten , Anna V. Kononova

We present a no-go theorem for the distinguishability between quantum random numbers (i.e., random numbers generated quantum mechanically) and pseudo-random numbers (i.e., random numbers generated algorithmically). The theorem states that…

Quantum Physical Unclonable Functions (QPUFs) are hardware-based cryptographic primitives with strong theoretical security. This security stems from their modeling as Haar-random unitaries. However, implementing such unitaries on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-25 Soham Ghosh , Holger Boche , Marc Geitz

Recent work has introduced the "Quantum-Computation Classical-Communication" (QCCC) (Chung et. al.) setting for cryptography. There has been some evidence that One Way Puzzles (OWPuzz) are the natural central cryptographic primitive for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Kai-Min Chung , Eli Goldin , Matthew Gray

Quantum Physical Unclonable Functions (QPUFs) offer a physically grounded approach to secure authentication, extending the capabilities of classical PUFs. This review covers their theoretical foundations and key implementation challenges -…

In this paper, we specify a class of mathematical problems, which we refer to as "Function Density Problems" (FDPs, in short), and point out novel connections of FDPs to the following two cryptographic topics; theoretical security…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-06-10 Koji Nuida , Takuro Abe , Shizuo Kaji , Toshiaki Maeno , Yasuhide Numata

We prove that random quantum circuits on any geometry, including a 1D line, can form approximate unitary designs over $n$ qubits in $\log n$ depth. In a similar manner, we construct pseudorandom unitaries (PRUs) in 1D circuits in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-07 Thomas Schuster , Jonas Haferkamp , Hsin-Yuan Huang

A Physical Unclonable Function (PUF) is a device with unique behaviour that is hard to clone hence providing a secure fingerprint. A variety of PUF structures and PUF-based applications have been explored theoretically as well as being…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-16 Myrto Arapinis , Mahshid Delavar , Mina Doosti , Elham Kashefi

The aim of this paper is to present a new design for a pseudorandom number generator (PRNG) that is cryptographically secure, passes all of the usual statistical tests referenced in the literature and hence generates high quality random…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Juan Di Mauro , Eduardo Salazar , Hugo D. Scolnik

In this work we give an efficient construction of unitary $k$-designs using $\tilde{O}(k\cdot poly(n))$ quantum gates, as well as an efficient construction of a parallel-secure pseudorandom unitary (PRU). Both results are obtained by giving…

High quality random numbers are necessary in the modern world. Ranging from encryption keys in cyber security to models and simulations for scientific use: it's important that these random numbers are of high quality and quickly attainable.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-16 Dmitriy Beznosko , Keith Driscoll , Fernando Guadarrama , Steven Mai , Nikolas Thornton

In a recent work, O'Donnell, Servedio and Tan (STOC 2019) gave explicit pseudorandom generators (PRGs) for arbitrary $m$-facet polytopes in $n$ variables with seed length poly-logarithmic in $m,n$, concluding a sequence of works in the last…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2021-06-03 Srinivasan Arunachalam , Penghui Yao

Quantum pseudorandomness has found applications in many areas of quantum information, ranging from entanglement theory, to models of scrambling phenomena in chaotic quantum systems, and, more recently, in the foundations of quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-23 John Bostanci , Jonas Haferkamp , Dominik Hangleiter , Alexander Poremba
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