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We show how to construct pseudorandom permutations (PRPs) that remain secure even if the adversary can query the permutation, both in the forward and reverse directions, on a quantum superposition of inputs. Such quantum-secure PRPs have…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Mark Zhandry

Quantum Key Distribution(QKD) thrives to achieve perfect secrecy of One time Pad (OTP) through quantum processes. One of the crucial components of QKD are Quantum Random Number Generators(QRNG) for generation of keys. Unfortunately, these…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Arun Mishra , Kanaka Raju Pandiri , Anupama Arjun Pandit , Lucy Sharma

Random unitaries are a central object of study in quantum information, with applications to quantum computation, quantum many-body physics, and quantum cryptography. Recent work has constructed unitary designs and pseudorandom unitaries…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-29 Ben Foxman , Natalie Parham , Francisca Vasconcelos , Henry Yuen

Pseudorandom error-correcting codes (PRC) is a novel cryptographic primitive proposed at CRYPTO 2024. Due to the dual capability of pseudorandomness and error correction, PRC has been recognized as a promising foundational component for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Tianrui Wang , Anyu Wang , Tianshuo Cong , Delong Ran , Jinyuan Liu , Xiaoyun Wang

The advantages of quantum random number generators (QRNGs) over pseudo-random number generators (PRNGs) are normally attributed to the nature of quantum measurements. This is often seen as implying the superiority of the sequences of bits…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-02-04 Alastair A. Abbott , Cristian S. Calude , Michael J. Dinneen , Nan Huang

We prove a quantum information-theoretic conjecture due to Ji, Liu and Song (CRYPTO 2018) which suggested that a uniform superposition with random \emph{binary} phase is statistically indistinguishable from a Haar random state. That is, any…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-06-27 Zvika Brakerski , Omri Shmueli

Uniformly random unitaries, i.e. unitaries drawn from the Haar measure, have many useful properties, but cannot be implemented efficiently. This has motivated a long line of research into random unitaries that "look" sufficiently Haar…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-22 Tony Metger , Alexander Poremba , Makrand Sinha , Henry Yuen

A technique for controlling errors in the functioning of nodes for the formation of $q$-valued pseudo-random sequences (PRS) operating under both random errors and errors generated through intentional attack by an attacker is provided, in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-09-10 Oleg Finko , Sergey Dichenko , Dmitry Samoylenko

Pseudorandom bit generators (PRBG) can be designed to take the advantage of some hard number theoretic problems such as the discrete logarithm problem (DLP). Such type of generators will have good randomness and unpredictability properties…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-02-24 O. Reyad , M. E. Karar , K. Hamed

Pseudo-Random Numbers Generators (PRNGs) are algorithms produced to generate long sequences of statistically uncorrelated numbers, i.e. Pseudo-Random Numbers (PRNs). These numbers are widely employed in mid-level cryptography and in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-12-30 Luca Pasqualini , Maurizio Parton

We study the natural question of constructing pseudorandom generators (PRGs) for low-degree polynomial threshold functions (PTFs). We give a PRG with seed-length log n/eps^{O(d)} fooling degree d PTFs with error at most eps. Previously, no…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2015-03-13 Raghu Meka , David Zuckerman

While one-way functions (OWFs) serve as the minimal assumption for computational cryptography in the classical setting, in quantum cryptography, we have even weaker cryptographic assumptions such as pseudo-random states, and EFI pairs,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-22 Alex B. Grilo , Álvaro Yángüez

We introduce the Romu family of pseudo-random number generators (PRNGs) which combines the nonlinear operation of rotation with the linear operations of multiplication and (optionally) addition. Compared to conventional linear-only PRNGs,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-02-27 Mark A. Overton

Quantum pseudorandom state generators (PRSGs) have stimulated exciting developments in recent years. A PRSG, on a fixed initial (e.g., all-zero) state, produces an output state that is computationally indistinguishable from a Haar random…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-24 Chuhan Lu , Minglong Qin , Fang Song , Penghui Yao , Mingnan Zhao

We give a meta-complexity characterization of EFI pairs, which are considered the "minimal" primitive in quantum cryptography (and are equivalent to quantum commitments). More precisely, we show that the existence of EFI pairs is equivalent…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-10 Bruno Cavalar , Boyang Chen , Andrea Coladangelo , Matthew Gray , Zihan Hu , Zhengfeng Ji , Xingjian Li

Developing explicit pseudorandom generators (PRGs) for prominent categories of Boolean functions is a key focus in computational complexity theory. In this paper, we investigate the PRGs against the functions of degree-$d$ polynomial…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Penghui Yao , Mingnan Zhao

We construct a quantum oracle relative to which $\mathsf{BQP} = \mathsf{QMA}$ but cryptographic pseudorandom quantum states and pseudorandom unitary transformations exist, a counterintuitive result in light of the fact that pseudorandom…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-20 William Kretschmer

One-way state generators (OWSG) are natural quantum analogs to classical one-way functions. We consider statistically-verifiable OWSGs (sv-OWSG), which are potentially weaker objects than OWSGs. We show that O(n/log(n))-copy sv-OWSGs (n…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-13 Rishabh Batra , Rahul Jain

Pseudo-random number generators (PRNGs) are essential in a wide range of applications, from cryptography to statistical simulations and optimization algorithms. While uniform randomness is crucial for security-critical areas like…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Jianan Wu , Ahmet Yusuf Salim , Eslam Elmitwalli , Selçuk Köse , Zeljko Ignjatovic

In classical cryptography, one-way functions (OWFs) are the minimal assumption, while it is not the case in quantum cryptography. Several new primitives have been introduced such as pseudorandom state generators (PRSGs), one-way state…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-30 Taiga Hiroka , Tomoyuki Morimae