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We deal with two complementary questions about approximation properties of ReLU networks. First, we study how the uniform quantization of ReLU networks with real-valued weights impacts their approximation properties. We establish an…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-10-10 Antoine Gonon , Nicolas Brisebarre , Rémi Gribonval , Elisa Riccietti

This paper considers the following question: how well can depth-two ReLU networks with randomly initialized bottom-level weights represent smooth functions? We give near-matching upper- and lower-bounds for $L_2$-approximation in terms of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-09 Daniel Hsu , Clayton Sanford , Rocco A. Servedio , Emmanouil-Vasileios Vlatakis-Gkaragkounis

Determining the minimum width of fully connected neural networks has become a fundamental problem in recent theoretical studies of deep neural networks. In this paper, we study the lower bounds and upper bounds of the minimum width required…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Xiao-Song Yang , Qi Zhou , Xuan Zhou

This paper examines the $L_p$ and $W^1_p$ norm approximation errors of ReLU neural networks for Korobov functions. In terms of network width and depth, we derive nearly optimal super-approximation error bounds of order $2m$ in the $L_p$…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Yuwen Li , Guozhi Zhang

This study explores the number of neurons required for a Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU) neural network to approximate multivariate monomials. We establish an exponential lower bound on the complexity of any shallow network approximating the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-17 Itai Shapira

Compression is a key step to deploy large neural networks on resource-constrained platforms. As a popular compression technique, quantization constrains the number of distinct weight values and thus reducing the number of bits required to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-15 Yukun Ding , Jinglan Liu , Jinjun Xiong , Yiyu Shi

We study the computation complexity of deep ReLU (Rectified Linear Unit) neural networks for the approximation of functions from the H\"older-Zygmund space of mixed smoothness defined on the $d$-dimensional unit cube when the dimension $d$…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-07-26 Dinh Dũng , Van Kien Nguyen

Constructing neural networks for function approximation is a classical and longstanding topic in approximation theory. In this paper, we aim at constructing deep neural networks (deep nets for short) with three hidden layers to approximate…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-01-14 Xia Liu

We derive upper bounds on the complexity of ReLU neural networks approximating the solution of a linear system given the matrix and the right-hand side. We focus on matrices which are symmetric positive definite and sparse, as they appear…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-03-20 Benjamin Dörich , Roland Maier , Lukas Ullmer

We contribute to a better understanding of the class of functions that can be represented by a neural network with ReLU activations and a given architecture. Using techniques from mixed-integer optimization, polyhedral theory, and tropical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Christoph Hertrich , Amitabh Basu , Marco Di Summa , Martin Skutella

We study the problem of approximating compactly-supported integrable functions while implementing their support set using feedforward neural networks. Our first main result transcribes this "structured" approximation problem into a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-02 Anastasis Kratsios , Behnoosh Zamanlooy

This paper concentrates on the approximation power of deep feed-forward neural networks in terms of width and depth. It is proved by construction that ReLU networks with width $\mathcal{O}\big(\max\{d\lfloor N^{1/d}\rfloor,\, N+2\}\big)$…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-15 Zuowei Shen , Haizhao Yang , Shijun Zhang

We study the approximation properties of shallow neural networks with an activation function which is a power of the rectified linear unit. Specifically, we consider the dependence of the approximation rate on the dimension and the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-12-23 Jonathan W. Siegel , Jinchao Xu

This work explores the neural network approximation capabilities for functions within the spectral Barron space $\mathscr{B}^s$, where $s$ is the smoothness index. We demonstrate that for functions in $\mathscr{B}^{1/2}$, a shallow neural…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-07-10 Yulei Liao , Pingbing Ming , Hao Yu

We discuss the expressive power of neural networks which use the non-smooth ReLU activation function $\varrho(x) = \max\{0,x\}$ by analyzing the approximation theoretic properties of such networks. The existing results mainly fall into two…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2019-04-10 Felix Voigtlaender , Philipp Petersen

We consider neural network approximation spaces that classify functions according to the rate at which they can be approximated (with error measured in $L^p$) by ReLU neural networks with an increasing number of coefficients, subject to…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2021-10-29 Philipp Grohs , Felix Voigtlaender

Deep neural networks with rectified linear units (ReLU) are getting more and more popular due to their universal representation power and successful applications. Some theoretical progress regarding the approximation power of deep ReLU…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-02-28 Bo Li , Shanshan Tang , Haijun Yu

In 1989 George Cybenko proved in a landmark paper that wide shallow neural networks can approximate arbitrary continuous functions on a compact set. This universal approximation theorem sparked a lot of follow-up research. Shen, Yang and…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2023-06-02 Jan Holstermann

In studying the expressiveness of neural networks, an important question is whether there are functions which can only be approximated by sufficiently deep networks, assuming their size is bounded. However, for constant depths, existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-29 Gal Vardi , Ohad Shamir

A well-known line of work (Barron, 1993; Breiman, 1993; Klusowski & Barron, 2018) provides bounds on the width $n$ of a ReLU two-layer neural network needed to approximate a function $f$ over the ball $\mathcal{B}_R(\mathbb{R}^d)$ up to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-11-29 Carles Domingo-Enrich , Youssef Mroueh