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Self-training is an effective approach to semi-supervised learning. The key idea is to let the learner itself iteratively generate "pseudo-supervision" for unlabeled instances based on its current hypothesis. In combination with consistency…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-11-05 Julian Lienen , Eyke Hüllermeier

Semi-supervised learning has been well developed to help reduce the cost of manual labelling by exploiting a large quantity of unlabelled data. Especially in the application of land cover classification, pixel-level manual labelling in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-01 Wanli Ma , Oktay Karakus , Paul L. Rosin

In this paper we revisit the idea of pseudo-labeling in the context of semi-supervised learning where a learning algorithm has access to a small set of labeled samples and a large set of unlabeled samples. Pseudo-labeling works by applying…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-11 Paola Cascante-Bonilla , Fuwen Tan , Yanjun Qi , Vicente Ordonez

Conventional multi-label classification (MLC) methods assume that all samples are fully labeled and identically distributed. Unfortunately, this assumption is unrealistic in large-scale MLC data that has long-tailed (LT) distribution and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-24 Wenqiao Zhang , Changshuo Liu , Lingze Zeng , Beng Chin Ooi , Siliang Tang , Yueting Zhuang

While semi-supervised learning (SSL) has proven to be a promising way for leveraging unlabeled data when labeled data is scarce, the existing SSL algorithms typically assume that training class distributions are balanced. However, these SSL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-14 Jaehyung Kim , Youngbum Hur , Sejun Park , Eunho Yang , Sung Ju Hwang , Jinwoo Shin

This paper studies the long-tailed semi-supervised learning (LTSSL) with distribution mismatch, where the class distribution of the labeled training data follows a long-tailed distribution and mismatches with that of the unlabeled training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Yaxin Hou , Yuheng Jia

A key challenge for machine intelligence is to learn new visual concepts without forgetting the previously acquired knowledge. Continual learning is aimed towards addressing this challenge. However, there is a gap between existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-01 Yan Luo , Yongkang Wong , Mohan Kankanhalli , Qi Zhao

Self-training (ST), or pseudo-labeling has sparked significant interest in the automatic speech recognition (ASR) community recently because of its success in harnessing unlabeled data. Unlike prior semi-supervised learning approaches that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-11 Dan Berrebbi , Ronan Collobert , Samy Bengio , Navdeep Jaitly , Tatiana Likhomanenko

Real-world data usually present long-tailed distributions. Training on imbalanced data tends to render neural networks perform well on head classes while much worse on tail classes. The severe sparseness of training instances for the tail…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-10 Chaozheng Wang , Shuzheng Gao , Cuiyun Gao , Pengyun Wang , Wenjie Pei , Lujia Pan , Zenglin Xu

Pseudo supervision is regarded as the core idea in semi-supervised learning for semantic segmentation, and there is always a tradeoff between utilizing only the high-quality pseudo labels and leveraging all the pseudo labels. Addressing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-02-20 Siqi Fan , Fenghua Zhu , Zunlei Feng , Yisheng Lv , Mingli Song , Fei-Yue Wang

Pseudo-label-based semi-supervised learning (SSL) has achieved great success on raw data utilization. However, its training procedure suffers from confirmation bias due to the noise contained in self-generated artificial labels. Moreover,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-12 Fan Yang , Kai Wu , Shuyi Zhang , Guannan Jiang , Yong Liu , Feng Zheng , Wei Zhang , Chengjie Wang , Long Zeng

Pseudo-labelling is a popular technique in unsuper-vised domain adaptation for semantic segmentation. However, pseudo labels are noisy and inevitably have confirmation bias due to the discrepancy between source and target domains and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-15 Wanyu Xu , Zengmao Wang , Wei Bian

The recent research in semi-supervised learning (SSL) is mostly dominated by consistency regularization based methods which achieve strong performance. However, they heavily rely on domain-specific data augmentations, which are not easy to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-20 Mamshad Nayeem Rizve , Kevin Duarte , Yogesh S Rawat , Mubarak Shah

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) has achieved great success in leveraging a large amount of unlabeled data to learn a promising classifier. A popular approach is pseudo-labeling that generates pseudo labels only for those unlabeled data with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-29 Qinyi Deng , Yong Guo , Zhibang Yang , Haolin Pan , Jian Chen

When labeled data is insufficient, semi-supervised learning with the pseudo-labeling technique can significantly improve the performance of automatic speech recognition. However, pseudo-labels are often noisy, containing numerous incorrect…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-15 Han Zhu , Dongji Gao , Gaofeng Cheng , Daniel Povey , Pengyuan Zhang , Yonghong Yan

Self-supervised learning (SSL) has shown remarkable data representation capabilities across a wide range of datasets. However, when applied to real-world datasets with long-tailed distributions, performance on multiple downstream tasks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Haowen Xiao , Guanghui Liu , Xinyi Gao , Yang Li , Fengmao Lv , Jielei Chu

Graph convolutional networks produce good predictions of unlabeled samples due to its transductive label propagation. Since samples have different predicted confidences, we take high-confidence predictions as pseudo labels to expand the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-07 Kun Zhan , Chaoxi Niu

Identifying anomalous instances in tabular data is essential for improving data reliability and maintaining system stability. Due to the scarcity of ground-truth anomaly labels, existing methods mainly rely on unsupervised anomaly detection…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Wei Huang , Yuxuan Xiong , Hezhe Qiao , Yu-Ming Shang , Xiangling Fu , Guansong Pang

Pseudo Labeling is a technique used to improve the performance of semi-supervised Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) by generating additional pseudo-labels based on confident predictions. However, the quality of generated pseudo-labels has been a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-20 Weigang Lu , Ziyu Guan , Wei Zhao , Yaming Yang , Yuanhai Lv , Lining Xing , Baosheng Yu , Dacheng Tao

Producing labels for unlabeled data is error-prone, making semi-supervised learning (SSL) troublesome. Often, little is known about when and why an algorithm fails to outperform a supervised baseline. Using benchmark datasets, we craft five…