Related papers: Every Fifth Real Number is Evil
If four people with Gaussian-distributed heights stand at Gaussian positions on the plane, the probability that there are exactly two people whose height is above the average of the four is exactly the same as the probability that they…
The prime numbers look like a randomly chosen sequence of natural numbers, but there is still no strict theory to determine 'Randomness'. In these years, cryptography has developed a battery of statistical tests for randomness. In this…
Predicting the outcome of sports events is a hard task. We quantify this difficulty with a coefficient that measures the distance between the observed final results of sports leagues and idealized perfectly balanced competitions in terms of…
We conjecture a Fibonacci-like property on the number of numerical semigroups of a given genus. Moreover we conjecture that the associated quotient sequence approaches the golden ratio. The conjecture is motivated by the results on the…
Prophet inequalities are a central object of study in optimal stopping theory. A gambler is sent values in an online fashion, sampled from an instance of independent distributions, in an adversarial, random or selected order, depending on…
We find an interesting relationship between the golden ratio, the Moebius function, the Euler totient function and the natural logarithm - central players in the theory of numbers. A number of identities involving the golden ratio and its…
First we reprove two results in additive number theory due to Dombi and Chen & Wang, respectively, on the number of representations of n as the sum of two odious or evil numbers, using techniques from automata theory and logic. We also use…
We classify and enumerate all rational numbers with approximation constant at least $\frac{1}{3}$ using hyperbolic geometry. Rational numbers correspond to geodesics in the modular torus with both ends in the cusp, and the approximation…
We study the roots of a random polynomial over the field of $p$-adic numbers. For a random monic polynomial with i.i.d. coefficients in $\mathbb{Z}_p$, we obtain an estimate for the expected number of roots of this polynomial. In…
In competitions involving many participants running many races the final rank is determined by the score of each participant, obtained by adding its ranks in each individual race. The "Statistical Curse of the Second Half Rank" is the…
By a classical result of Gauss and Kuzmin, the continued fraction expansion of a ``random'' real number contains each digit $a\in\mathbb{N}$ with asymptotic frequency $\log_2(1+1/(a(a+2)))$. We generalize this result in two directions:…
A friend of 12 is a positive integer different from 12 with the same abundancy index. By enlarging the supply of methods of Ward [1], it is shown that (i) if n is an odd friend of 12, then n=m^2, where m has at least 5 distinct prime…
We studied two probabilistic models of the distribution of primes in the natural number [1].The paper considers the third probabilistic model of the distribution of primes in the natural number. The author proved that the results obtained…
The author has previously extended the theory of regular and irregular primes to the setting of arbitrary totally real number fields. It has been conjectured that the Bernoulli numbers, or alternatively the values of the Riemann zeta…
Motivated by the change-making problem, we extend the notion of greediness to sets of positive integers not containing the element $1$, and from there to numerical semigroups. We provide an algorithm to determine if a given set (not…
It is shown that short-range correlations between large prime numbers (~10^5 and larger) have a Poissonian nature. Correlation length \zeta = 4.5 for the primes ~10^5 and it is increasing logarithmically according to the prime number…
Roots of random polynomials have been studied exclusively in both analysis and probability for a long time. A famous result by Ibragimov and Maslova, generalizing earlier fundamental works of Kac and Erdos-Offord, showed that the…
The quantum state discrimination problem has Alice sending a quantum state to Bob who wins if he correctly identifies the state. The pretty good measurement, also known as the square root measurement, performs pretty well at this task. We…
In the prophet inequality problem, a gambler faces a sequence of items arriving online with values drawn independently from known distributions. On seeing an item, the gambler must choose whether to accept its value as her reward and quit…
Let $f(x)$ be an irreducible polynomial with integer coefficients of degree at least two. Hooley proved that the roots of the congruence equation $f(x)\equiv 0\mod n$ is uniformly distributed. as a parallel of Hooley's theorem under ideal…