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In this paper, we introduce Modality-Inconsistent Continual Learning (MICL), a new continual learning scenario for Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) that involves tasks with inconsistent modalities (image, audio, or video) and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Weiguo Pian , Shijian Deng , Shentong Mo , Mingrui Liu , Yunhui Guo , Yapeng Tian

Continual learning aims to learn knowledge of tasks observed in sequential time steps while mitigating the forgetting of previously learned knowledge. Existing methods were designed to learn a single modality (e.g., image) over time, which…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Hyundong Jin , Eunwoo Kim

Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training (CLIP) has shown impressive performance in aligning visual and textual representations. Recent studies have extended this paradigm to 3D vision to improve scene understanding for autonomous driving. A…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Ximeng Tao , Dimitar Filev , Gaurav Pandey

Multimodal learning plays a pivotal role in advancing artificial intelligence systems by incorporating information from multiple modalities to build a more comprehensive representation. Despite its importance, current state-of-the-art…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Giordano Cicchetti , Eleonora Grassucci , Danilo Comminiello

Multi-modal contrastive learning with language supervision has presented a paradigm shift in modern machine learning. By pre-training on a web-scale dataset, multi-modal contrastive learning can learn high-quality representations that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Wei Huang , Andi Han , Yongqiang Chen , Yuan Cao , Zhiqiang Xu , Taiji Suzuki

Recently, contrastive learning (CL) plays an important role in exploring complementary information for multi-view clustering (MVC) and has attracted increasing attention. Nevertheless, real-world multi-view data suffer from data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Hongqing He , Jie Xu , Wenyuan Yang , Yonghua Zhu , Guoqiu Wen , Xiaofeng Zhu

Unsupervised learning is a challenging task due to the lack of labels. Multiple Object Tracking (MOT), which inevitably suffers from mutual object interference, occlusion, etc., is even more difficult without label supervision. In this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Sha Meng , Dian Shao , Jiacheng Guo , Shan Gao

Multimodal self-supervised learning is getting more and more attention as it allows not only to train large networks without human supervision but also to search and retrieve data across various modalities. In this context, this paper…

Contrastive learning is among the most successful methods for visual representation learning, and its performance can be further improved by jointly performing clustering on the learned representations. However, existing methods for joint…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-16 Shunjie-Fabian Zheng , JaeEun Nam , Emilio Dorigatti , Bernd Bischl , Shekoofeh Azizi , Mina Rezaei

Recent advances in contrastive representation learning over paired image-text data have led to models such as CLIP that achieve state-of-the-art performance for zero-shot classification and distributional robustness. Such models typically…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-28 Shashank Goel , Hritik Bansal , Sumit Bhatia , Ryan A. Rossi , Vishwa Vinay , Aditya Grover

Contrastive Language Image Pre-training (CLIP) has recently demonstrated success across various tasks due to superior feature representation empowered by image-text contrastive learning. However, the instance discrimination method used by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-07 Xiang An , Kaicheng Yang , Xiangzi Dai , Ziyong Feng , Jiankang Deng

Real-world data typically follow a long-tailed distribution, where a few majority categories occupy most of the data while most minority categories contain a limited number of samples. Classification models minimizing cross-entropy struggle…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-13 Jianggang Zhu , Zheng Wang , Jingjing Chen , Yi-Ping Phoebe Chen , Yu-Gang Jiang

Contrastive Language-Image Pre-Training (CLIP) is highly instrumental in machine learning applications within a large variety of domains. We investigate the geometry of this embedding, which is still not well understood. We examine the raw…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Meir Yossef Levi , Guy Gilboa

Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training (CLIP)~\citep{radford2021learning} has emerged as a pivotal model in computer vision and multimodal learning, achieving state-of-the-art performance at aligning visual and textual representations…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Shaoan Xie , Lingjing Kong , Yujia Zheng , Yu Yao , Zeyu Tang , Eric P. Xing , Guangyi Chen , Kun Zhang

Consider end-to-end training of a multi-modal vs. a single-modal network on a task with multiple input modalities: the multi-modal network receives more information, so it should match or outperform its single-modal counterpart. In our…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-04-06 Weiyao Wang , Du Tran , Matt Feiszli

Self-supervised learning (especially contrastive learning) has attracted great interest due to its huge potential in learning discriminative representations in an unsupervised manner. Despite the acknowledged successes, existing contrastive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-22 Guangrun Wang , Keze Wang , Guangcong Wang , Philip H. S. Torr , Liang Lin

Transformer-based multimodal large language models often exhibit in-context learning (ICL) abilities. Motivated by this phenomenon, we ask: how do transformers learn to associate information across modalities from in-context examples? We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Yiran Huang , Karsten Roth , Quentin Bouniot , Wenjia Xu , Zeynep Akata

Contrastive learning has emerged as a pivotal framework for representation learning, underpinning advances in both unimodal and bimodal applications like SimCLR and CLIP. To address fundamental limitations like large batch size dependency…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-12 Ajay Jagannath , Aayush Upadhyay , Anant Mehta

Learning semantic-rich representations from raw unlabeled time series data is critical for downstream tasks such as classification and forecasting. Contrastive learning has recently shown its promising representation learning capability in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-31 Qianwen Meng , Hangwei Qian , Yong Liu , Lizhen Cui , Yonghui Xu , Zhiqi Shen

Machine unlearning offers effective solutions for revoking the influence of specific training data on pre-trained model parameters. While existing approaches address unlearning for classification and generative models, they overlook an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Yihan Wang , Yiwei Lu , Guojun Zhang , Franziska Boenisch , Adam Dziedzic , Yaoliang Yu , Xiao-Shan Gao