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Contrastive learning is a representation learning method performed by contrasting a sample to other similar samples so that they are brought closely together, forming clusters in the feature space. The learning process is typically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-28 Valentino Vito , Lim Yohanes Stefanus

The natural world is abundant with concepts expressed via visual, acoustic, tactile, and linguistic modalities. Much of the existing progress in multimodal learning, however, focuses primarily on problems where the same set of modalities…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-08 Paul Pu Liang , Peter Wu , Liu Ziyin , Louis-Philippe Morency , Ruslan Salakhutdinov

Recently, multi-view and multi-label classification have become significant domains for comprehensive data analysis and exploration. However, incompleteness both in views and labels is still a real-world scenario for multi-view multi-label…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Bingyan Nie , Wulin Xie , Jiang Long , Xiaohuan Lu

Existed pre-trained models have achieved state-of-the-art performance on various text classification tasks. These models have proven to be useful in learning universal language representations. However, the semantic discrepancy between…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-07 Jinhe Lan , Qingyuan Zhan , Chenhao Jiang , Kunping Yuan , Desheng Wang

Contrastive learning (CL) is a predominant technique in image classification, but they showed limited performance with an imbalanced dataset. Recently, several supervised CL methods have been proposed to promote an ideal regular simplex…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Sumin Roh , Harim Kim , Ho Yun Lee , Il Yong Chun

Motivated by in-context learning (ICL) capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs), multimodal LLMs with additional visual modality are also exhibited with similar ICL abilities when multiple image-text pairs are provided as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Nan Xu , Fei Wang , Sheng Zhang , Hoifung Poon , Muhao Chen

As a pioneering work, PointContrast conducts unsupervised 3D representation learning via leveraging contrastive learning over raw RGB-D frames and proves its effectiveness on various downstream tasks. However, the trend of large-scale…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-27 Xiaoyang Wu , Xin Wen , Xihui Liu , Hengshuang Zhao

Contrastive learning (CL) methods effectively learn data representations in a self-supervision manner, where the encoder contrasts each positive sample over multiple negative samples via a one-vs-many softmax cross-entropy loss. By…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-16 Huangjie Zheng , Xu Chen , Jiangchao Yao , Hongxia Yang , Chunyuan Li , Ya Zhang , Hao Zhang , Ivor Tsang , Jingren Zhou , Mingyuan Zhou

Despite the success of contrastive learning (CL) in vision and language, its theoretical foundations and mechanisms for building representations remain poorly understood. In this work, we build connections between noise contrastive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Zihao Chen , Chi-Heng Lin , Ran Liu , Jingyun Xiao , Eva L Dyer

Multi-modal semantic understanding requires integrating information from different modalities to extract users' real intention behind words. Most previous work applies a dual-encoder structure to separately encode image and text, but fails…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Ming Zhang , Ke Chang , Yunfang Wu

Recent advances in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have shown promising results in integrating diverse modalities such as texts and images. MLLMs are heavily influenced by modality bias, often relying on language while…

Multimodal representation learning is a challenging task in which previous work mostly focus on either uni-modality pre-training or cross-modality fusion. In fact, we regard modeling multimodal representation as building a skyscraper, where…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-15 Ronghao Lin , Haifeng Hu

Contrastive learning, along with its variations, has been a highly effective self-supervised learning method across diverse domains. Contrastive learning measures the distance between representations using cosine similarity and uses…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Daniel Rho , TaeSoo Kim , Sooill Park , Jaehyun Park , JaeHan Park

Contrastive learning (CL) has shown impressive advances in image representation learning in whichever supervised multi-class classification or unsupervised learning. However, these CL methods fail to be directly adapted to multi-label image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-07 Zhongchen Ma , Lisha Li , Qirong Mao , Songcan Chen

Meta-learning enables learning systems to adapt quickly to new tasks, similar to humans. Different meta-learning approaches all work under/with the mini-batch episodic training framework. Such framework naturally gives the information about…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Shiguang Wu , Yaqing Wang , Yatao Bian , Quanming Yao

Self-supervised learning has been successfully applied to pre-train video representations, which aims at efficient adaptation from pre-training domain to downstream tasks. Existing approaches merely leverage contrastive loss to learn…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-24 Yuanze Lin , Xun Guo , Yan Lu

Contrastive learning has become pivotal in unsupervised representation learning, with frameworks like Momentum Contrast (MoCo) effectively utilizing large negative sample sets to extract discriminative features. However, traditional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-29 Duy Hoang , Huy Ngo , Khoi Pham , Tri Nguyen , Gia Bao , Huy Phan

Cross-modal retrieval (CMR) typically involves learning common representations to directly measure similarities between multimodal samples. Most existing CMR methods commonly assume multimodal samples in pairs and employ joint training to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-13 Ruitao Pu , Yang Qin , Dezhong Peng , Xiaomin Song , Huiming Zheng

Semi-supervised learning has demonstrated great potential in medical image segmentation by utilizing knowledge from unlabeled data. However, most existing approaches do not explicitly capture high-level semantic relations between distant…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-07 Qianying Liu , Xiao Gu , Paul Henderson , Fani Deligianni

Multimodal representation learning aims to capture both shared and complementary semantic information across multiple modalities. However, the intrinsic heterogeneity of diverse modalities presents substantial challenges to achieve…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Chengxuan Qian , Shuo Xing , Shawn Li , Yue Zhao , Zhengzhong Tu