Related papers: Glaucoma Detection and Structured OCT Report Gener…
Purpose: (1) To develop a deep learning algorithm to identify major tissue structures of the optic nerve head (ONH) in 3D optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans; (2) to exploit such information to robustly differentiate among healthy,…
Large Language Models (LLMs) show potential for medical applications but often lack specialized clinical knowledge. Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) allows customization with domain-specific information, making it suitable for…
Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is a novel and effective screening tool for ophthalmic examination. Since collecting OCT images is relatively more expensive than fundus photographs, existing methods use multi-modal learning to complement…
Glaucoma is a chronic visual disease that may cause permanent irreversible blindness. Measurement of the cup-to-disc ratio (CDR) plays a pivotal role in the detection of glaucoma in its early stage, preventing visual disparities. Therefore,…
Objective: To evaluate the efficiency of large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT to assist in diagnosing neuro-ophthalmic diseases based on detailed case descriptions. Methods: We selected 22 different case reports of neuro-ophthalmic…
Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown significant promise across various natural language processing tasks. However, their application in the field of pathology, particularly for extracting meaningful insights from unstructured medical…
Objective Renal cancer is a common malignancy and a major cause of cancer-related deaths. Computed tomography (CT) is central to early detection, staging, and treatment planning. However, the growing CT workload increases radiologists'…
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is necessary to address the large and growing deficit in retina and healthcare access globally. And mobile AI diagnostic platforms running in the Cloud may effectively and efficiently distribute such AI…
Writing radiology reports from medical images requires a high level of domain expertise. It is time-consuming even for trained radiologists and can be error-prone for inexperienced radiologists. It would be appealing to automate this task…
Glaucoma remains among the leading causes of blindness despite many treatment options available today. Effective treatment requires early diagnosis, which is difficult to achieve with existing imaging technologies that detect the already…
Objective Structured Clinical Examinations (OSCEs) are widely used to assess medical students' communication skills, but scoring interview-based assessments is time-consuming and potentially subject to human bias. This study explored the…
Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is the primary imaging modality for detecting pathological biomarkers associated to retinal diseases such as Age-Related Macular Degeneration. In practice, clinical diagnosis and treatment strategies are…
Extracting structured information from clinical notes requires navigating a dense web of interdependent variables where the value of one attribute logically constrains others. Existing Large Language Model (LLM)-based extraction pipelines…
Glaucoma is a serious ocular disorder for which the screening and diagnosis are carried out by the examination of the optic nerve head (ONH). The color fundus image (CFI) is the most common modality used for ocular screening. In CFI, the…
Question: What is the performance and reasoning ability of OpenAI o1 compared to other large language models in addressing ophthalmology-specific questions? Findings: This study evaluated OpenAI o1 and five LLMs using 6,990 ophthalmological…
Recent advances in multimodal large language models enable new possibilities for image-based decision support. However, their reliability and operational trade-offs in neuroimaging remain insufficiently understood. We present a…
Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as transformative tools in the healthcare sector, demonstrating remarkable capabilities in natural language understanding and generation. However, their proficiency in numerical reasoning,…
Despite the potential of Large Language Models (LLMs) in medicine, they may generate responses lacking supporting evidence or based on hallucinated evidence. While Retrieval Augment Generation (RAG) is popular to address this issue, few…
Objective: To evaluate large language models (LLMs) against supervised baselines for fine-grained, lesion-level detection of incidentalomas requiring follow-up, addressing the limitations of current document-level classification systems.…
Purpose: To develop and evaluate an automated system for extracting structured clinical information from unstructured radiology and pathology reports using open-weights large language models (LMs) and retrieval augmented generation (RAG),…