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Scalar-induced gravitational waves (SIGWs) are ubiquitous in many early-Universe processes accompanied by non-Gaussianity; while Gaussian perturbation can generate significant SIGWs, computations of SIGWs can be significantly affected and…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-24 Xiang-Xi Zeng , Zhuan Ning , Rong-Gen Cai , Shao-Jiang Wang

Scalar-induced gravitational waves (SIGWs) provide a powerful probe of inflationary dynamics on scales far smaller than those accessible to the cosmic microwave background and large-scale structure. In scenarios with a transient…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-07 Angelo Caravano , Gabriele Franciolini , Sébastien Renaux-Petel

Scalar-induced Gravitational Waves (SIGWs) represent a particular class of primordial signals which are sourced at second-order in perturbation theory whenever a scalar fluctuation of the metric is present. They form a guaranteed Stochastic…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-03-12 Gabriele Perna , Chiara Testini , Angelo Ricciardone , Sabino Matarrese

Standard perturbative calculations of scalar-induced gravitational waves (SIGWs) have neglected nonperturbative effects in the large-amplitude regime. We develop a hybrid numerical framework to signify nonperturbative effects on the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-12-25 Zhuan Ning , Zi-Yan Yuwen , Xiang-Xi Zeng , Rong-Gen Cai , Shao-Jiang Wang

In June 2023, multiple pulsar timing array collaborations provided evidence for the existence of a stochastic gravitational wave background. Scalar induced gravitational waves (SIGWs), as one of the most likely sources of stochastic…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-01-07 Jing-Zhi Zhou , Yu-Ting Kuang , Zhe Chang , H. Lü

Many early universe scenarios predict an enhancement of scalar perturbations at scales currently unconstrained by cosmological probes. These perturbations source gravitational waves (GWs) at second order in perturbation theory, leading to a…

Scalar Induced Gravitational Waves (SIGW) are generated at second order in perturbation theory and to achieve observational relevance, inflationary dynamics must evade the standard slow-roll scenario at small scales, generating large…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-27 Giovanni Piccoli

Recent pulsar timing array collaborations have reported evidence of the stochastic gravitational wave background. The gravitational waves induced by primordial curvature perturbations, referred to as scalar-induced gravitational waves…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-04-18 Qing-Hua Zhu

We investigate scalar-induced gravitational waves (SIGWs) in the framework of spatially covariant gravity (SCG), a broad class of Lorentz-violating modified gravity theories respecting only spatial diffeomorphism invariance. Extending…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-02-13 Jiehao Jiang , Jieming Lin , Xian Gao

Primordial isocurvature perturbations, which can arise from various sources in the early Universe, have the potential to leave observable imprints on the gravitational-wave background and provide insights into the nature of primordial…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-05-08 Chen Yuan , Zu-Cheng Chen , Lang Liu

Induced gravitational waves provide a powerful probe of primordial perturbations in the early universe through their distinctive spectral properties. We analyze the spectral energy density $\Omega_{\text{GW}}$ of gravitational waves induced…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-01-20 Chang Han , Zu-Cheng Chen , Hongwei Yu , Puxun Wu

We investigate the impact of statistical inhomogeneity and anisotropy in primordial scalar perturbations on the scalar-induced gravitational waves (SIGW). Assuming inflationary quantum fluctuations originate from a coherent state, the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-01-08 Dipayan Mukherjee , H. V. Ragavendra , Shiv K. Sethi

Scalar-induced gravitational waves (SIGWs) are attracting growing attention for probing extremely short-scale scalar perturbations via gravitational wave measurements. In this paper, we investigate the SIGWs from statistically anisotropic…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-09-08 Chao Chen , Atsuhisa Ota

Scalar-Induced Gravitational Waves (SIGWs), second-order tensor modes sourced by first-order scalar fluctuations in General Relativity (GR), are expected to contribute to the Stochastic Gravitational Wave Background (SGWB) potentially…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-07-11 Anjali Abirami Kugarajh , Marisol Traforetti , Andrea Maselli , Sabino Matarrese , Angelo Ricciardone

Stochastic gravitational waves can be induced from the primordial curvature perturbations generated during inflation, through scalar-tensor mode coupling at the second order of cosmological perturbation theory. Here we discuss a model of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-04-07 Richa Arya , Arvind Kumar Mishra

We propose a new model to generate large anisotropies in the scalar-induced gravitational wave (SIGW) background via sound speed resonance in the inflaton-curvaton mixed scenario. Cosmological curvature perturbations are not only…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-04-03 Yan-Heng Yu , Sai Wang

Gravitational waves induced by large primordial curvature fluctuations may result in a sizable stochastic gravitational wave background. Interestingly, curvature fluctuations are gradually generated by initial isocurvature fluctuations,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-11-06 Guillem Domènech

In this letter we calculate the scalar induced gravitational waves (SIGWs) accompanying the formation of primordial black hole during the radiation dominated era in three different gauges, i.e. synchronous gauge, Newton gauge and uniform…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-03-28 Chen Yuan , Zu-Cheng Chen , Qing-Guo Huang

Primordial black holes (PBHs) forming out of the collapse of enhanced cosmological perturbations provide access to the early Universe through their associated observational signatures. In particular, enhanced cosmological perturbations…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-06-21 Charalampos Tzerefos , Theodoros Papanikolaou , Emmanuel N. Saridakis , Spyros Basilakos

The expansion history and content of the Universe between the end of inflation and the onset of Big Bang Nucleosynthesis is mostly unknown. In this paper, we study gravitational waves (GWs) induced by matter isocurvature fluctuations in a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-12-22 Guillem Domènech , Jan Tränkle
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