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Autonomous driving increasingly relies on Visual Question Answering (VQA) to enable vehicles to understand complex surroundings by analyzing visual inputs and textual queries. Currently, a paramount concern for VQA in this domain is the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Yuliang Cai , Dongqiangzi Ye , Zitian Chen , Chongruo Wu

A principal barrier to large-scale deployment of urban autonomous driving systems lies in the prevalence of complex scenarios and edge cases. Existing systems fail to effectively interpret semantic information within traffic contexts and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Yuhang Zhang , Jiaqi Liu , Chengkai Xu , Peng Hang , Jian Sun

Recent advances in Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have shown promising capabilities in autonomous driving by leveraging the understanding and reasoning strengths of Large Language Models(LLMs).However, our empirical analysis reveals…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Zihan You , Hongwei Liu , Chenxu Dang , Zhe Wang , Sining Ang , Aoqi Wang , Yan Wang

To tackle the high inference latency exhibited by autoregressive language models, previous studies have proposed an early-exiting framework that allocates adaptive computation paths for each token based on the complexity of generating the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Sangmin Bae , Jongwoo Ko , Hwanjun Song , Se-Young Yun

Autonomous driving is a complex task which requires advanced decision making and control algorithms. Understanding the rationale behind the autonomous vehicles' decision is crucial to ensure their safe and effective operation on highway…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Mustafa Yildirim , Barkin Dagda , Saber Fallah

Existing navigation decision support systems often perform poorly when handling non-predefined navigation scenarios. Leveraging the generalization capabilities of large language model (LLM) in handling unknown scenarios, this research…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Feng Ma , Xiu-min Wang , Chen Chen , Xiao-bin Xu , Xin-ping Yan

For robots navigating in human-populated environments, safety and social compliance are equally critical, yet prior work has mostly emphasized safety. Socially compliant navigation that accounts for human comfort, social norms, and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Tomohito Kawabata , Xinyu Zhang , Ling Xiao

Vision-and-Language Navigation (VLN) tasks require an agent to follow textual instructions to navigate through 3D environments. Traditional approaches use supervised learning methods, relying heavily on domain-specific datasets to train VLN…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Yanyuan Qiao , Wenqi Lyu , Hui Wang , Zixu Wang , Zerui Li , Yuan Zhang , Mingkui Tan , Qi Wu

End-to-end (E2E) autonomous driving methods still struggle to make correct decisions in interactive closed-loop evaluation due to limited causal reasoning capability. Current methods attempt to leverage the powerful understanding and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Haoyu Fu , Diankun Zhang , Zongchuang Zhao , Jianfeng Cui , Dingkang Liang , Chong Zhang , Dingyuan Zhang , Hongwei Xie , Bing Wang , Xiang Bai

Mobile devices such as smartphones and autonomous vehicles increasingly rely on deep neural networks (DNNs) to execute complex inference tasks such as image classification and speech recognition, among others. However, continuously…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-03 Yoshitomo Matsubara , Marco Levorato , Francesco Restuccia

We consider the problem of Vision-and-Language Navigation (VLN). The majority of current methods for VLN are trained end-to-end using either unstructured memory such as LSTM, or using cross-modal attention over the egocentric observations…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-22 Georgios Georgakis , Karl Schmeckpeper , Karan Wanchoo , Soham Dan , Eleni Miltsakaki , Dan Roth , Kostas Daniilidis

Semantic anomalies-context-dependent hazards that pixel-level detectors cannot reason about-pose a critical safety risk in autonomous driving. We propose a \emph{semantic observer layer}: a quantized vision-language model (VLM) running at…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Kunal Runwal , Swaraj Gajare , Daniel Adejumo , Omkar Ankalkope , Siddhant Baroth , Aliasghar Arab

As a simple technique to accelerate inference of large-scale pre-trained models, early exiting has gained much attention in the NLP community. It allows samples to exit early at internal classifiers without passing through the entire model.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-31 Tianxiang Sun , Yunhua Zhou , Xiangyang Liu , Xinyu Zhang , Hao Jiang , Zhao Cao , Xuanjing Huang , Xipeng Qiu

Traditional autonomous driving methods adopt a modular design, decomposing tasks into sub-tasks. In contrast, end-to-end autonomous driving directly outputs actions from raw sensor data, avoiding error accumulation. However, training an…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-11-22 Zeyu Dong , Yimin Zhu , Yansong Li , Kevin Mahon , Yu Sun

Vision-and-Language Navigation in Continuous Environments (VLN-CE) is one of the most intuitive yet challenging embodied AI tasks. Agents are tasked to navigate towards a target goal by executing a set of low-level actions, following a…

Little inquiry has explicitly addressed the role of action spaces in language-guided visual navigation -- either in terms of its effect on navigation success or the efficiency with which a robotic agent could execute the resulting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-06 Jacob Krantz , Aaron Gokaslan , Dhruv Batra , Stefan Lee , Oleksandr Maksymets

Vision-language models (VLMs) integrate visual and textual information, enabling a wide range of applications such as image captioning and visual question answering, making them crucial for modern AI systems. However, their high…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Gaurav Shinde , Anuradha Ravi , Emon Dey , Shadman Sakib , Milind Rampure , Nirmalya Roy

The variational autoencoder (VAE) is a popular combination of deep latent variable model and accompanying variational learning technique. By using a neural inference network to approximate the model's posterior on latent variables, VAEs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-30 Junxian He , Daniel Spokoyny , Graham Neubig , Taylor Berg-Kirkpatrick

End-to-end (E2E) models in autonomous driving aim to directly map sensor inputs to control commands, but their ability to generalize to novel and complex scenarios remains a key challenge. The common practice of fully fine-tuning the vision…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Zeyu Dong , Yimin Zhu , Yu Wu , Yu Sun

Large vision-language models (VLMs) have garnered increasing interest in autonomous driving areas, due to their advanced capabilities in complex reasoning tasks essential for highly autonomous vehicle behavior. Despite their potential,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Ming Nie , Renyuan Peng , Chunwei Wang , Xinyue Cai , Jianhua Han , Hang Xu , Li Zhang