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The Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architecture is a powerful technique for scaling language models, yet it often suffers from expert homogenization, where experts learn redundant functionalities, thereby limiting MoE's full potential. To address…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Jiaang Li , Haibin Chen , Langming Liu , Yujin Yuan , Yadao Wang , Yizhen Zhang , Chengting Yu , Xin Tong , Weidong Zhang , Shilei Liu , Wenbo Su , Bo Zheng

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) has emerged as a powerful paradigm for scaling model capacity while preserving computational efficiency. Despite its notable success in large language models (LLMs), existing attempts to apply MoE to Diffusion…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Yujie Wei , Shiwei Zhang , Hangjie Yuan , Yujin Han , Zhekai Chen , Jiayu Wang , Difan Zou , Xihui Liu , Yingya Zhang , Yu Liu , Hongming Shan

Among parallel decoding paradigms, diffusion large language models (dLLMs) have emerged as a promising candidate that balances generation quality and throughput. However, their integration with Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Hao Mark Chen , Zhiwen Mo , Royson Lee , Qianzhou Wang , Da Li , Shell Xu Hu , Wayne Luk , Timothy Hospedales , Hongxiang Fan

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) has become a prevalent backbone for large vision-language models (VLMs), yet how modality-specific signals should guide expert routing remains under-explored. Existing routing strategies are either hand-crafted or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Zi-Hao Bo , Yaqian Li , Anzhou Hou , Rinyoichi Takezoe , Ertao Zhao , Tianxiang Pan , Jiale Yan , Mo Guang , Kaiwen Long

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) Large Language Models (LLMs) face a trilemma of load imbalance, parameter redundancy, and communication overhead. We introduce a unified framework based on dynamic expert clustering and structured compression to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Peijun Zhu , Ning Yang , Baoliang Tian , Jiayu Wei , Weihao Zhang , Haijun Zhang , Pin Lv

Mixture-of-experts (MoE) models facilitate efficient scaling; however, training the router network introduces the challenge of optimizing a non-differentiable, discrete objective. Recently, a fully-differentiable MoE architecture, SMEAR,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Zexuan Zhong , Mengzhou Xia , Danqi Chen , Mike Lewis

Sparsely-activated Mixture of Experts (MoE) transformers are promising architectures for foundation models. Compared to dense transformers that require the same amount of floating-point operations (FLOPs) per forward pass, MoEs benefit from…

Recent advancements in scaling up models have significantly improved performance in Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) tasks. However, training large ASR models from scratch remains costly. To address this issue, we introduce UME, a novel…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-24 Li Fu , Shanyong Yu , Siqi Li , Lu Fan , Youzheng Wu , Xiaodong He

The Mixture of Experts (MoE) paradigm provides a powerful way to decompose dense layers into smaller, modular computations often more amenable to human interpretation, debugging, and editability. However, a major challenge lies in the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-18 James Oldfield , Markos Georgopoulos , Grigorios G. Chrysos , Christos Tzelepis , Yannis Panagakis , Mihalis A. Nicolaou , Jiankang Deng , Ioannis Patras

The Mixture of Experts (MoE) framework has become a popular architecture for large language models due to its superior performance over dense models. However, training MoEs from scratch in a large-scale regime is prohibitively expensive.…

Probabilistic finite mixture models are widely used for unsupervised clustering. These models can often be improved by adapting them to the topology of the data. For instance, in order to classify spatially adjacent data points similarly,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-02-09 Jonathan Vacher , Claire Launay , Ruben Coen-Cagli

Sparse Mixture of Experts (sMoE) has become a pivotal approach for scaling large vision-language models, offering substantial capacity while maintaining computational efficiency through dynamic, sparse activation of experts. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Yongxiang Hua , Haoyu Cao , Zhou Tao , Bocheng Li , Zihao Wu , Chaohu Liu , Linli Xu

Sparse Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures effectively scale model capacity by activating only a subset of experts for each input token. However, the standard Top-k routing strategy imposes a uniform sparsity pattern that ignores the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Can Jin , Hongwu Peng , Mingcan Xiang , Qixin Zhang , Xiangchi Yuan , Amit Hasan , Ohiremen Dibua , Yifan Gong , Yan Kang , Dimitris N. Metaxas

Small, highly trained, open-source large language models are widely used due to their inference efficiency, but further improving their quality remains a challenge. Sparse upcycling is a promising approach that transforms a pretrained dense…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-15 Sasha Doubov , Nikhil Sardana , Vitaliy Chiley

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models enable efficient scaling of large language models (LLMs) by activating only a subset of experts per input. However, we observe that the commonly used auxiliary load balancing loss often leads to expert…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Hongcan Guo , Haolang Lu , Guoshun Nan , Bolun Chu , Jialin Zhuang , Yuan Yang , Wenhao Che , Xinye Cao , Sicong Leng , Qimei Cui , Xudong Jiang

Optimizing various wireless user tasks poses a significant challenge for networking systems because of the expanding range of user requirements. Despite advancements in Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL), the need for customized optimization…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-02-16 Hongyang Du , Guangyuan Liu , Yijing Lin , Dusit Niyato , Jiawen Kang , Zehui Xiong , Dong In Kim

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has successfully solved various problems recently, typically with a unimodal policy representation. However, grasping distinguishable skills for some tasks with non-unique optima can be essential for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-20 Jie Ren , Yewen Li , Zihan Ding , Wei Pan , Hao Dong

Mixtures of Experts (MoEs) have gained prominence in (self-)supervised learning due to their enhanced inference efficiency, adaptability to distributed training, and modularity. Previous research has illustrated that MoEs can significantly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-27 Timon Willi , Johan Obando-Ceron , Jakob Foerster , Karolina Dziugaite , Pablo Samuel Castro

Mixture of Experts (MoE) has become a mainstream architecture for building Large Language Models (LLMs) by reducing per-token computation while enabling model scaling. It can be viewed as partitioning a large Feed-Forward Network (FFN) at…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Weilin Cai , Le Qin , Shwai He , Junwei Cui , Ang Li , Jiayi Huang

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) has emerged as an effective approach to reduce the computational overhead of Transformer architectures by sparsely activating a subset of parameters for each token while preserving high model capacity. This paradigm…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Dohwan Ko , Jinyoung Park , Seoung Choi , Sanghyeok Lee , Seohyun Lee , Hyunwoo J. Kim