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The Mixture of Experts (MoE) architecture reduces the training and inference cost significantly compared to a dense model of equivalent capacity. Upcycling is an approach that initializes and trains an MoE model using a pre-trained dense…
Sparse Upcycling provides an efficient way to initialize a Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) model from pretrained dense weights instead of training from scratch. However, since all experts start from identical weights and the router is randomly…
Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) shines brightly in large language models (LLMs) and demonstrates outstanding performance in plentiful natural language processing tasks. However, existing methods transforming LLMs from dense to MoE face significant…
Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models have demonstrated exceptional performance in large-scale language models. Existing routers typically rely on non-differentiable Top-$k$+Softmax, limiting their performance and scalability. We argue that two…
The Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models have gained significant attention in deep learning due to their dynamic resource allocation and superior performance across diverse tasks. However, efficiently training these models remains challenging.…
Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) has become the dominant architecture for scaling large language models: frontier models routinely decouple total parameters from per-token computation through sparse expert routing. Scaling laws show that under…
Modern deep learning is increasingly characterized by the use of open-weight foundation models that can be fine-tuned on specialized datasets. This has led to a proliferation of expert models and adapters, often shared via platforms like…
Upcycling pre-trained dense language models into sparse mixture-of-experts (MoE) models is an efficient approach to increase the model capacity of already trained models. However, optimal techniques for upcycling at scale remain unclear. In…
Upcycled Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models have shown great potential in various tasks by converting the original Feed-Forward Network (FFN) layers in pre-trained dense models into MoE layers. However, these models still suffer from…
Mixture of Experts (MoE) pretraining is more scalable than dense Transformer pretraining, because MoEs learn to route inputs to a sparse set of their feedforward parameters. However, this means that MoEs only receive a sparse backward…
Recent advances in reinforcement learning (RL) have substantially improved the training of large-scale language models, leading to significant gains in generation quality and reasoning ability. However, most existing research focuses on…
Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable performance on a wide range of specialized tasks, exhibiting strong problem-solving capabilities. However, training these models is prohibitively expensive, and they often lack…
Pretraining large language models (LLMs) is resource-intensive, often requiring months of training time even with high-end GPU clusters. There are two approaches of mitigating such computational demands: reusing smaller models to train…
Instruction-based fine-tuning of large language models (LLMs) has achieved remarkable success in various natural language processing (NLP) tasks. Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods, such as Mixture of LoRA Experts (MoLE),…
High inter-class similarity, extreme scale variation, and limited computational budgets hinder reliable visual recognition across diverse real-world data. Existing vision-centric and cross-modal approaches often rely on rigid fusion…
Mixture of Experts (MoE) models enable parameter-efficient scaling through sparse expert activations, yet optimizing their inference and memory costs remains challenging due to limited understanding of their specialization behavior. We…
Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models enable scalable performance by activating large parameter sets sparsely, minimizing computational overhead. To mitigate the prohibitive cost of training MoEs from scratch, recent work employs upcycling,…
Sparse Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models scale Transformers efficiently but suffer from expert overlap -- redundant representations across experts and routing ambiguity, resulting in severely underutilized model capacity. While architectural…
The goal of this paper is to improve (upcycle) an existing large language model without the prohibitive requirements of continued pre-training of the full-model. The idea is to split the pre-training data into semantically relevant groups…
Efficiency, specialization, and adaptability to new data distributions are qualities that are hard to combine in current Large Language Models. The Mixture of Experts (MoE) architecture has been the focus of significant research because its…