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Mechanistic Interpretability aims to understand neural networks through causal explanations. We argue for the Explanatory View Hypothesis: that Mechanistic Interpretability research is a principled approach to understanding models because…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-05 Kola Ayonrinde , Louis Jaburi

As AI systems are used in high-stakes applications, ensuring interpretability is crucial. Mechanistic Interpretability (MI) aims to reverse-engineer neural networks by extracting human-understandable algorithms to explain their behavior.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Maxime Méloux , Silviu Maniu , François Portet , Maxime Peyrard

Interpretable insights from predictive models remain critical in bio-statistics, particularly when assessing causality, where classical statistical and machine learning methods often provide inherent clarity. While Neural Networks (NNs)…

Applications · Statistics 2025-05-02 Jean-Baptiste A. Conan

Understanding AI systems' inner workings is critical for ensuring value alignment and safety. This review explores mechanistic interpretability: reverse engineering the computational mechanisms and representations learned by neural networks…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Leonard Bereska , Efstratios Gavves

How can we know whether new mechanistic interpretability methods achieve real improvements? In pursuit of lasting evaluation standards, we propose MIB, a Mechanistic Interpretability Benchmark, with two tracks spanning four tasks and five…

*Automated circuit discovery* is a central tool in mechanistic interpretability for identifying the internal components of neural networks responsible for specific behaviors. While prior methods have made significant progress, they…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Itamar Hadad , Guy Katz , Shahaf Bassan

Mechanistic interpretability aims to explain neural model behaviour by reverse-engineering learned computational structure into human-understandable components. Without a formal framework, however, mechanistic explanations cannot be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Ward Gauderis , Thomas Dooms , Steven T. Holmer , Kola Ayonrinde , Geraint A. Wiggins

Mechanistic Interpretability (MI) aims to understand neural networks through causal explanations. Though MI has many explanation-generating methods, progress has been limited by the lack of a universal approach to evaluating explanations.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-05 Kola Ayonrinde , Louis Jaburi

Mechanistic interpretability (MI) aims to understand AI models by reverse-engineering the exact algorithms neural networks learn. Most works in MI so far have studied behaviors and capabilities that are trivial and token-aligned. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-15 Satvik Golechha , James Dao

Mechanistic interpretability papers increasingly use causal vocabulary: circuits, mediators, causal abstraction, monosemanticity. Such claims require explicit identification assumptions. A purposive audit of 10 papers across four…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Zezheng Lin , Fengming Liu

Mechanistic interpretability (MI) is an emerging sub-field of interpretability that seeks to understand a neural network model by reverse-engineering its internal computations. Recently, MI has garnered significant attention for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Daking Rai , Yilun Zhou , Shi Feng , Abulhair Saparov , Ziyu Yao

Machine learning approaches are widely studied in the production prediction of CBM wells after hydraulic fracturing, but merely used in practice due to the low generalization ability and the lack of interpretability. A novel methodology is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-22 Chao Min , Guoquan Wen , Liangjie Gou , Xiaogang Li , Zhaozhong Yang

Interpretable classification models are built with the purpose of providing a comprehensible description of the decision logic to an external oversight agent. When considered in isolation, a decision tree, a set of classification rules, or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-18 Riccardo Guidotti , Salvatore Ruggieri

Built upon the concept of causal faithfulness, the so-called causal discovery algorithms propose the breakdown of mutual information (MI) and conditional mutual information (CMI) into sets of variables to reveal causal influences. These…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-08-09 Tiago Martinelli , Diogo O. Soares-Pinto , Francisco A. Rodrigues

Mechanistic interpretability (MI) is an emerging framework for interpreting neural networks. Given a task and model, MI aims to discover a succinct algorithmic process, an interpretation, that explains the model's decision process on that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Alan Sun , Mariya Toneva

Mechanistic interpretability (MI) seeks to uncover how language models (LMs) implement specific behaviors, yet measuring progress in MI remains challenging. The recently released Mechanistic Interpretability Benchmark (MIB; Mueller et al.,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Dana Arad , Yonatan Belinkov , Hanjie Chen , Najoung Kim , Hosein Mohebbi , Aaron Mueller , Gabriele Sarti , Martin Tutek

Understanding how neural networks arrive at their predictions is essential for debugging, auditing, and deployment. Mechanistic interpretability pursues this goal by identifying circuits - minimal subnetworks responsible for specific…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Alaa Anani , Tobias Lorenz , Bernt Schiele , Mario Fritz , Jonas Fischer

Mechanistic interpretability is an emerging diagnostic approach for neural models that has gained traction in broader natural language processing domains. This paradigm aims to provide attribution to components of neural systems where…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-01-20 Andrew Parry , Catherine Chen , Carsten Eickhoff , Sean MacAvaney

Mechanistic interpretability produces circuit-level causal analyses of neural network behaviour, but discovered circuits often remain isolated experimental artefacts: there is no shared formal representation for what circuits compute, how…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Nura Aljaafari , Danilo S. Carvalho , Andre Freitas

Mechanistic interpretability identifies internal circuits responsible for model behaviors, yet translating these findings into human-understandable explanations remains an open problem. We present a pipeline that bridges circuit-level…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Ajay Pravin Mahale
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