Position: Mechanistic Interpretability Must Disclose Identification Assumptions for Causal Claims
Abstract
Mechanistic interpretability papers increasingly use causal vocabulary: circuits, mediators, causal abstraction, monosemanticity. Such claims require explicit identification assumptions. A purposive audit of 10 papers across four methodological strands finds no dedicated identification-assumptions section and a recurring pattern: validation metrics such as faithfulness, completeness, monosemanticity, alignment, or ablation effects are reported as causal support without stating the assumptions that make them identifying. A two-human-coder audit on reproduces the direction of the main finding: dedicated identification sections are absent, and validation-metric substitution is common, though exact Dim B/D counts are coding-rule sensitive. The paper proposes a disclosure norm: state whether the claim is causal, name the identification strategy, enumerate assumptions, stress at least one, and explain how conclusions shift if assumptions fail. Validation is not identification.
Keywords
Cite
@article{arxiv.2605.08012,
title = {Position: Mechanistic Interpretability Must Disclose Identification Assumptions for Causal Claims},
author = {Zezheng Lin and Fengming Liu},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2605.08012},
year = {2026}
}
Comments
10 pages, 2 figures. Submitted to NeurIPS 2026 (Position Track)