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Many knowledge graph embedding (KGE) models for link prediction use powerful encoders. However, they often rely on a simple hidden vector-matrix multiplication to score subject-relation queries against candidate object entities. When the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Samy Badreddine , Emile van Krieken , Luciano Serafini

Knowledge graphs (KGs) consisting of a large number of triples have become widespread recently, and many knowledge graph embedding (KGE) methods are proposed to embed entities and relations of a KG into continuous vector spaces. Such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-09 Mingyang Chen , Wen Zhang , Yushan Zhu , Hongting Zhou , Zonggang Yuan , Changliang Xu , Huajun Chen

Concept bottleneck models are interpretable predictive models that are often used in domains where model trust is a key priority, such as healthcare. They identify a small number of human-interpretable concepts in the data, which they then…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Katrina Brown , Marton Havasi , Finale Doshi-Velez

Interpretable deep learning aims at developing neural architectures whose decision-making processes could be understood by their users. Among these techniqes, Concept Bottleneck Models enhance the interpretability of neural networks by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Gabriele Dominici , Pietro Barbiero , Francesco Giannini , Martin Gjoreski , Marc Langhenirich

Concept bottleneck models (CBMs), which predict human-interpretable concepts (e.g., nucleus shapes in cell images) before predicting the final output (e.g., cell type), provide insights into the decision-making processes of the model.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-10 Winnie Pang , Xueyi Ke , Satoshi Tsutsui , Bihan Wen

Multi-modal knowledge graphs (MKGs) include not only the relation triplets, but also related multi-modal auxiliary data (i.e., texts and images), which enhance the diversity of knowledge. However, the natural incompleteness has…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-09-07 Shangfei Zheng , Weiqing Wang , Jianfeng Qu , Hongzhi Yin , Wei Chen , Lei Zhao

Concept-Based Models (CBMs) are a class of deep learning models that provide interpretability by explaining predictions through high-level concepts. These models first predict concepts and then use them to perform a downstream task.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-27 David Debot , Pietro Barbiero , Gabriele Dominici , Giuseppe Marra

Multi-modal Knowledge Graph Completion (MMKGC) aims to uncover hidden world knowledge in multimodal knowledge graphs by leveraging both multimodal and structural entity information. However, the inherent imbalance in multimodal knowledge…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Lijian Li

Deep learning has advanced medical image classification, but interpretability challenges hinder its clinical adoption. This study enhances interpretability in Chest X-ray (CXR) classification by using concept bottleneck models (CBMs) and a…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Hasan Md Tusfiqur Alam , Devansh Srivastav , Md Abdul Kadir , Daniel Sonntag

Concept bottleneck model (CBM) is a ubiquitous method that can interpret neural networks using concepts. In CBM, concepts are inserted between the output layer and the last intermediate layer as observable values. This helps in…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-03-17 Naoki Hayashi , Yoshihide Sawada

Concept Bottleneck Models (CBMs) are a prominent framework for interpretable AI that map learned visual features to a set of meaningful concepts for task-specific downstream predictions. Their sequential structure enhances transparency by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Mohamed Harmanani , Bining Long , Zhuoxin Guo , Paul F. R. Wilson , Amirhossein Sabour , Minh Nguyen Nhat To , Gabor Fichtinger , Purang Abolmaesumi , Parvin Mousavi

Concept Bottleneck Models (CBMs) offer inherent interpretability by initially translating images into human-comprehensible concepts, followed by a linear combination of these concepts for classification. However, the annotation of concepts…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Hangzhou He , Lei Zhu , Xinliang Zhang , Shuang Zeng , Qian Chen , Yanye Lu

Concept Bottleneck Models (CBMs) enable interpretable image classification by structuring predictions around human-understandable concepts, but extending this paradigm to video remains challenging due to the difficulty of extracting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Patrick Knab , Sascha Marton , Philipp J. Schubert , Drago Guggiana , Christian Bartelt

Machine learning is a vital part of many real-world systems, but several concerns remain about the lack of interpretability, explainability and robustness of black-box AI systems. Concept Bottleneck Models (CBM) address some of these…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-24 Hidde Fokkema , Tim van Erven , Sara Magliacane

Multi-graph learning is crucial for extracting meaningful signals from collections of heterogeneous graphs. However, effectively integrating information across graphs with differing topologies, scales, and semantics, often in the absence of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Zahra Moslemi , Ziyi Liang , Norbert Fortin , Babak Shahbaba

Concept bottleneck models (CBM) aim to improve model interpretability by predicting human level "concepts" in a bottleneck within a deep learning model architecture. However, how the predicted concepts are used in predicting the target…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Matthew Shen , Aliyah Hsu , Abhineet Agarwal , Bin Yu

Graph-structured data typically exhibits complex topological heterogeneity, making it difficult to model accurately within a single Riemannian manifold. While emerging mixed-curvature methods attempt to capture such diversity, they often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Haifang Cao , Yu Wang , Timing Li , Xinjie Yao , Pengfei Zhu

Graph-based multi-task learning at billion-scale presents a significant challenge, as different tasks correspond to distinct billion-scale graphs. Traditional multi-task learning methods often neglect these graph structures, relying solely…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Hongyu Yao , Zijin Hong , Hao Chen , Zhiqing Li , Qijie Shen , Zuobin Ying , Qihua Feng , Huan Gong , Feiran Huang

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) is a flexible framework that combines multiple specialized submodels (``experts''), by assigning covariate-dependent weights (``gating functions'') to each expert, and have been commonly used for analyzing…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-01-06 Qicheng Zhao , Celia M. T. Greenwood , Qihuang Zhang

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are often considered black boxes due to their opaque decision-making processes. To reduce their opacity Concept Models (CMs), such as Concept Bottleneck Models (CBMs), were introduced to predict human-defined…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Jack Furby , Dan Cunnington , Dave Braines , Alun Preece
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