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Probabilistic modelling has been an essential tool in medical image analysis, especially for analyzing brain Magnetic Resonance Images (MRI). Recent deep learning techniques for estimating high-dimensional distributions, in particular…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-07-10 Anna Volokitin , Ertunc Erdil , Neerav Karani , Kerem Can Tezcan , Xiaoran Chen , Luc Van Gool , Ender Konukoglu

We propose to apply non-linear representation learning to voxelwise rs-fMRI data. Learning the non-linear representations is done using a variational autoencoder (VAE). The VAE is trained on voxelwise rs-fMRI data and performs non-linear…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-31 Eloy Geenjaar , Tonya White , Vince Calhoun

Deep learning models in medical contexts face challenges like data scarcity, inhomogeneity, and privacy concerns. This study focuses on improving ventricular segmentation in brain MRI images using synthetic data. We employed two latent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Tim Ruschke , Jonathan Frederik Carlsen , Adam Espe Hansen , Ulrich Lindberg , Amalie Monberg Hindsholm , Martin Norgaard , Claes Nøhr Ladefoged

This paper presents a comprehensive study focused on disentangling hippocampal shape variations from diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) datasets within the context of neurological disorders. Leveraging a Mesh Variational Autoencoder (VAE)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Jakaria Rabbi , Johannes Kiechle , Christian Beaulieu , Nilanjan Ray , Dana Cobzas

Transfer learning has gained attention in medical image analysis due to limited annotated 3D medical datasets for training data-driven deep learning models in the real world. Existing 3D-based methods have transferred the pre-trained models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-29 Eunji Jun , Seungwoo Jeong , Da-Woon Heo , Heung-Il Suk

Increasing numbers of MRI brain scans, improvements in image resolution, and advancements in MRI acquisition technology are causing significant increases in the demand for and burden on radiologists' efforts in terms of reading and…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-12-05 Yuto Onga , Shingo Fujiyama , Hayato Arai , Yusuke Chayama , Hitoshi Iyatomi , Kenichi Oishi

Multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) constitutes the first line of investigation for clinicians in the care of brain tumors, providing crucial insights for surgery planning, treatment monitoring, and biomarker identification.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Lucas Robinet , Ahmad Berjaoui , Elizabeth Cohen-Jonathan Moyal

Generating realistic MRIs to accurately predict future changes in the structure of brain is an invaluable tool for clinicians in assessing clinical outcomes and analysing the disease progression at the patient level. However, current…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Mattia Litrico , Francesco Guarnera , Mario Valerio Giuffrida , Daniele Ravì , Sebastiano Battiato

Designing generative models for 3D structural brain MRI that synthesize morphologically-plausible and attribute-specific (e.g., age, sex, disease state) samples is an active area of research. Existing approaches based on frameworks like…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-04 Alan Q. Wang , Fangrui Huang , Bailey Trang , Wei Peng , Mohammad Abbasi , Kilian Pohl , Mert Sabuncu , Ehsan Adeli

Generative models such as Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) and Variational Autoencoders (VAEs) play an increasingly important role in medical image analysis. The latent spaces of these models often show semantically meaningful…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-21 Julian Schön , Raghavendra Selvan , Jens Petersen

The scarcity of annotated medical images is a major bottleneck in developing learning models for medical image analysis. Hence, recent studies have focused on pretrained models with fewer annotation requirements that can be fine-tuned for…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-02 Jonghun Kim , Mansu Kim , Hyunjin Park

To improve the performance of Intensive Care Units (ICUs), the field of bio-statistics has developed scores which try to predict the likelihood of negative outcomes. These help evaluate the effectiveness of treatments and clinical practice,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-23 William Caicedo-Torres , Jairo Gutierrez

Brain tumors represent one of the most critical neurological conditions, where early and accurate diagnosis is directly correlated with patient survival rates. Manual interpretation of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scans is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Chinedu Emmanuel Mbonu , Tochukwu Sunday Belonwu , Okwuchukwu Ejike Chukwuogo , Kenechukwu Sylvanus Anigbogu

Pre-training by numerous image data has become de-facto for robust 2D representations. In contrast, due to the expensive data acquisition and annotation, a paucity of large-scale 3D datasets severely hinders the learning for high-quality 3D…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-14 Renrui Zhang , Liuhui Wang , Yu Qiao , Peng Gao , Hongsheng Li

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and microvascular leukoencephalopathy are two distinct neurological conditions, the first caused by focal autoimmune inflammation in the central nervous system, the second caused by chronic white matter damage from…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-01-19 Christopher Vogelsanger , Christian Federau

Machine Learning (ML) is increasingly being used for computer aided diagnosis of brain related disorders based on structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data. Most of such work employs biologically and medically meaningful hand-crafted…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-05-04 Ayush Jaiswal , Dong Guo , Cauligi S. Raghavendra , Paul Thompson

With the mass construction of Gen III nuclear reactors, it is a popular trend to use deep learning (DL) techniques for fast and effective diagnosis of possible accidents. To overcome the common problems of previous work in diagnosing…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-09-26 Chengyuan Li , Zhifang Qiu , Zhangrui Yan , Meifu Li

Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging (dMRI) plays a critical role in studying microstructural changes in the brain. It is, therefore, widely used in clinical practice; yet progress in learning general-purpose representations from dMRI has…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Gustavo Chau Loo Kung , Mohammad Abbasi , Camila Blank , Juze Zhang , Alan Q. Wang , Sophie Ostmeier , Akshay Chaudhari , Kilian Pohl , Ehsan Adeli

Current medical vision-language models (VLMs) process volumetric brain MRI using 2D slice-based approximations, fragmenting the spatial context required for accurate neuroradiological interpretation. We developed \textbf{Brain3D}, a staged…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Mariano Barone , Francesco Di Serio , Giuseppe Riccio , Antonio Romano , Marco Postiglione , Antonino Ferraro , Vincenzo Moscato

Masked Autoencoders (MAEs) achieve impressive performance in image classification tasks, yet the internal representations they learn remain less understood. This work started as an attempt to understand the strong downstream classification…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Anika Shrivastava , Renu Rameshan , Samar Agnihotri