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We present UI-Venus, a native UI agent that takes only screenshots as input based on a multimodal large language model. UI-Venus achieves SOTA performance on both UI grounding and navigation tasks using only several hundred thousand…

Recent advances in GUI agents have achieved remarkable grounding and action-prediction performance, yet existing models struggle with unreliable reward signals and limited online trajectory generation. In this paper, we introduce Orcust, a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Junyu Lu , Songxin Zhang , Zejian Xie , Zhuoyang Song , Jiaxing Zhang

The rapid appearance of large language models (LLMs) has led to systems that turn natural-language intent into real user interfaces (UIs). Free-form code generation maximizes expressiveness but often hurts reliability, security, and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Xinsong Li , Ning Jiang , Jay Selvaraj

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) show strong potential for interpreting and interacting with complex, pixel-rich Graphical User Interface (GUI) environments. However, building agents that are both efficient for high-level tasks and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Sarthak Mehrotra , Sairam V C Rebbapragada , Mani Hemanth Reddy Bonthu , Vineeth N Balasubramanian

Interactive systems are omnipresent today and the need to create graphical user interfaces (GUIs) is just as ubiquitous. For the elicitation and validation of requirements, GUI prototyping is a well-known and effective technique, typically…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Kristian Kolthoff , Felix Kretzer , Christian Bartelt , Alexander Maedche , Simone Paolo Ponzetto

Graphical User Interface (GUI) grounding plays a crucial role in enhancing the capabilities of Vision-Language Model (VLM) agents. While general VLMs, such as GPT-4V, demonstrate strong performance across various tasks, their proficiency in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Anthony Nguyen

Mobile graphical user interface (GUI) agents are designed to automate everyday tasks on smartphones. Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have significantly enhanced the capabilities of mobile GUI agents. However, most…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Mingxian Yu , Siqi Luo , Xu Chen

Drug discovery is a complex, multi-step pipeline that remains heavily dependent on manual, experience-driven operations; meanwhile, existing customized artificial intelligence tools are fragmented across web applications, desktop software,…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2026-03-03 Qihua Pan , Dong Xu , Qianwei Yang , Jenna Xinyi Yao , Sisi Yuan , Zexuan Zhu , Jianqiang Li , Junkai Ji

The limitation of graphical user interface (GUI) data has been a significant barrier to the development of GUI agents today, especially for the desktop / computer use scenarios. To address this, we propose an automated GUI data generation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Yibin Xu , Liang Yang , Hao Chen , Hua Wang , Zhi Chen , Yaohua Tang

Software applications have been playing an increasingly important role in various aspects of society. In particular, mobile apps and web apps are the most prevalent among all applications and are widely used in various industries as well as…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Shengcheng Yu , Chunrong Fang , Xin Li , Yuchen Ling , Zhenyu Chen , Zhendong Su

Recently, mobile AI agents have gained increasing attention. Given a task, mobile AI agents can interact with mobile devices in multiple steps and finally form a GUI flow that solves the task. However, existing agents tend to focus on most…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Qinzhuo Wu , Wei Liu , Jian Luan , Bin Wang

Graphical user interface visual grounding (GUI-VG), a core capability for GUI agents, has primarily relied on supervised fine-tuning (SFT) of multimodal large language models (MLLMs), which demands extensive data curation and significant…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Weitai Kang , Bin Lei , Gaowen Liu , Caiwen Ding , Yan Yan

The process of developing a mobile application typically starts with the ideation and conceptualization of its user interface. This concept is then translated into a set of mock-ups to help determine how well the user interface embodies the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-01-07 Carlos Bernal-Cardenas , Kevin Moran , Michele Tufano , Zichang Liu , Linyong Nan , Zhehan Shi , Denys Poshyvanyk

While Large Language Model (LLM) agents show great potential for automated UI navigation such as automated UI testing and AI assistants, their efficiency has been largely overlooked. Our motivating study reveals that inefficient UI…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Dezhi Ran , Zhi Gong , Yuzhe Guo , Mengzhou Wu , Yuan Cao , Haochuan Lu , Hengyu Zhang , Xia Zeng , Gang Cao , Liangchao Yao , Yuetang Deng , Wei Yang , Tao Xie

Autonomous GUI agents interact with environments by perceiving interfaces and executing actions. As a virtual sandbox, the GUI World model empowers agents with human-like foresight by enabling action-conditioned prediction. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Yuhao Zheng , Li'an Zhong , Yi Wang , Rui Dai , Kaikui Liu , Xiangxiang Chu , Linyuan Lv , Philip Torr , Kevin Qinghong Lin

Autonomous agents for Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs) are revolutionizing human-computer interaction, yet their reliance on text-based instructions imposes limitations on accessibility and convenience, particularly in hands-free scenarios.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Wenkang Han , Zhixiong Zeng , Jing Huang , Shu Jiang , Liming Zheng , Longrong Yang , Haibo Qiu , Chang Yao , Jingyuan Chen , Lin Ma

Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents possess significant commercial and social value, and GUI agents powered by advanced multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have demonstrated remarkable potential. Currently, existing GUI agents…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Weizhi Chen , Ziwei Wang , Leyang Yang , Sheng Zhou , Xiaoxuan Tang , Jiajun Bu , Yong Li , Wei Jiang

Computer-Use Agents (CUA) are becoming increasingly capable of autonomously operating digital environments through Graphical User Interfaces (GUI). Yet, most GUI remain designed primarily for humans--prioritizing aesthetics and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Kevin Qinghong Lin , Siyuan Hu , Linjie Li , Zhengyuan Yang , Lijuan Wang , Philip Torr , Mike Zheng Shou

Seamless interaction between AI agents and humans using natural language remains a key goal in AI research. This paper addresses the challenges of developing interactive agents capable of understanding and executing grounded natural…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-15 Shrestha Mohanty , Negar Arabzadeh , Andrea Tupini , Yuxuan Sun , Alexey Skrynnik , Artem Zholus , Marc-Alexandre Côté , Julia Kiseleva

Mobile apps are indispensable for people's daily life, and automated GUI (Graphical User Interface) testing is widely used for app quality assurance. There is a growing interest in using learning-based techniques for automated GUI testing…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-05-17 Zhe Liu , Chunyang Chen , Junjie Wang , Mengzhuo Chen , Boyu Wu , Xing Che , Dandan Wang , Qing Wang