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Related papers: Alignment-Aware Decoding

200 papers

General Alignment has improved average-case helpfulness and safety, but current alignment practice still rewards confident, single-turn responses. The problem is not only that models fail on edge cases; it is that current evaluation makes…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Han Bao , Yue Huang , Xiaoda Wang , Zheyuan Zhang , Yujun Zhou , Carl Yang , Xiangliang Zhang , Yanfang Ye

Large Language Models (LLMs) are nowadays expected to generate content aligned with human preferences. Current work focuses on alignment at model training time, through techniques such as Reinforcement Learning with Human Feedback (RLHF).…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-21 James Y. Huang , Sailik Sengupta , Daniele Bonadiman , Yi-An Lai , Arshit Gupta , Nikolaos Pappas , Saab Mansour , Katrin Kirchhoff , Dan Roth

Direct alignment algorithms (DAAs), such as direct preference optimization (DPO), have become popular alternatives for Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) due to their simplicity, efficiency, and stability. However, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Jongwoo Ko , Saket Dingliwal , Bhavana Ganesh , Sailik Sengupta , Sravan Bodapati , Aram Galstyan

Discrete decision tasks in machine learning exhibit a fundamental misalignment between training and inference: models are optimized with continuous-valued outputs but evaluated using discrete predictions. This misalignment arises from the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Hao Shu

Ensuring alignment with human preferences is a crucial characteristic of large language models (LLMs). Presently, the primary alignment methods, RLHF and DPO, require extensive human annotation, which is expensive despite their efficacy.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Haotian Luo

This study evaluates Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) and its variants for aligning Large Language Models (LLMs) with human preferences, testing three configurations: (1) with Supervised Fine Tuning (SFT), (2) without SFT, and (3)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Amir Saeidi , Shivanshu Verma , Md Nayem Uddin , Chitta Baral

For aligning large language models (LLMs), prior work has leveraged reinforcement learning via human feedback (RLHF) or variations of direct preference optimization (DPO). While DPO offers a simpler framework based on maximum likelihood…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Anirudhan Badrinath , Prabhat Agarwal , Jiajing Xu

It is common to reject undesired outputs of Large Language Models (LLMs); however, current methods to do so require an excessive amount of computation to re-sample after a rejection, or distort the distribution of outputs by constraining…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Daniel Melcer , Sujan Gonugondla , Pramuditha Perera , Haifeng Qian , Wen-Hao Chiang , Yanjun Wang , Nihal Jain , Pranav Garg , Xiaofei Ma , Anoop Deoras

Following the introduction of Adam, several novel adaptive optimizers for deep learning have been proposed. These optimizers typically excel in some tasks but may not outperform Adam uniformly across all tasks. In this work, we introduce…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Kaan Ozkara , Can Karakus , Parameswaran Raman , Mingyi Hong , Shoham Sabach , Branislav Kveton , Volkan Cevher

This paper outlines the development and testing of a novel, feedback-enabled attention allocation aid (AAAD), which uses real-time physiological data to improve human performance in a realistic sequential visual search task. Indeed, by…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2017-01-17 Arturo Deza , Jeffrey R. Peters , Grant S. Taylor , Amit Surana , Miguel P. Eckstein

Identifying auditory attention by comparing auditory stimuli and corresponding brain responses, is known as auditory attention decoding (AAD). The majority of AAD algorithms utilize the so-called envelope entrainment mechanism, whereby…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-29 Nhan Duc Thanh Nguyen , Huy Phan , Kaare Mikkelsen , Preben Kidmose

Language models trained on large amounts of data are known to produce inappropriate content in some cases and require careful tuning to be used in the real world. We revisit an effective and modular approach for controllability of the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Sergey Troshin , Vlad Niculae , Antske Fokkens

As instruction-tuned large language models (LLMs) evolve, aligning pretrained foundation models presents increasing challenges. Existing alignment strategies, which typically leverage diverse and high-quality data sources, often overlook…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Yikun Wang , Rui Zheng , Liang Ding , Qi Zhang , Dahua Lin , Dacheng Tao

Direct Alignment Algorithms (DAAs), such as Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) and Simple Preference Optimization (SimPO), have emerged as efficient alternatives to Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) algorithms for aligning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Zeguan Xiao , Yun Chen , Guanhua Chen , Ke Tang

Preference optimization is a standard approach to fine-tuning large language models to align with human preferences. The quantity, diversity, and representativeness of the preference dataset are critical to the effectiveness of preference…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Yuu Jinnai , Ukyo Honda

Machine learning classification systems are susceptible to poor performance when trained with incorrect ground truth labels, even when data is well-curated by expert annotators. As machine learning becomes more widespread, it is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Zan Chaudhry , Noam H. Rotenberg , Brian Caffo , Craig K. Jones , Haris I. Sair

Safety alignment is critical in pre-training large language models (LLMs) to generate responses aligned with human values and refuse harmful queries. Unlike LLM, the current safety alignment of VLMs is often achieved with post-hoc safety…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Fenghua Weng , Jian Lou , Jun Feng , Minlie Huang , Wenjie Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) acquire extensive knowledge and remarkable abilities from extensive text corpora, making them powerful tools for various applications. To make LLMs more usable, aligning them with human preferences is essential.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Mozhi Zhang , Pengyu Wang , Chenkun Tan , Mianqiu Huang , Dong Zhang , Yaqian Zhou , Xipeng Qiu

Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) is broadly utilized for aligning Large Language Models (LLMs) with human values because of its flexibility. Despite its effectiveness, it has been observed that the capability of DPO to generate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Wenqiao Zhu , Ji Liu , Lulu Wang , Jun Wu , Yulun Zhang

Aligning small language models (SLMs) with human values typically involves distilling preference knowledge from large language models (LLMs). However, existing distillation methods model preference knowledge in teacher LLMs by comparing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Yanggan Gu , Junzhuo Li , Sirui Huang , Xin Zou , Zhenghua Li , Xuming Hu