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Test-time scaling has become an effective paradigm for improving the reasoning ability of large language models by allocating additional computation during inference. Recent structured approaches have further advanced this paradigm by…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-20 George Wu , Nan Jing , Qing Yi , Chuan Hao , Ming Yang , Feng Chang , Yuan Wei , Jian Yang , Ran Tao , Bryan Dai

Latent reasoning represents a new development in Transformer language models that has shown potential in compressing reasoning lengths compared to chain-of-thought reasoning. By directly passing the information-rich previous final latent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Alex Ning , Yen-Ling Kuo , Gabe Gomes

Large Language Models (LLMs) often falter in complex reasoning tasks due to their static, parametric knowledge, leading to hallucinations and poor performance in specialized domains like mathematics. This work explores a fundamental…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Srijan Shakya , Anamaria-Roberta Hartl , Sepp Hochreiter , Korbinian Pöppel

This paper investigates Reinforcement Learning (RL) on data without explicit labels for reasoning tasks in Large Language Models (LLMs). The core challenge of the problem is reward estimation during inference while not having access to…

Large language models (LLMs) have been routinely used to solve various tasks using step-by-step reasoning. However, the structure of intermediate reasoning steps, or thoughts, is rigid and unidirectional, such as chains, trees, or…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Sijia Chen , Baochun Li

The transition from static Large Language Models (LLMs) to self-improving agents is hindered by the lack of structured reasoning in traditional evolutionary approaches. Existing methods often struggle with premature convergence and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Chunhui Wan , Xunan Dai , Zhuo Wang , Minglei Li , Yanpeng Wang , Yinan Mao , Yu Lan , Zhiwen Xiao

Inference-time scaling has emerged as a powerful way to improve large language model (LLM) performance by generating multiple candidate responses and selecting among them. However, existing work on dynamic allocation for test-time compute…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Jenny Y. Huang , Mehul Damani , Yousef El-Kurdi , Ramon Astudillo , Wei Sun

Despite recent breakthroughs in reasoning-enhanced large language models (LLMs) like DeepSeek-R1, incorporating inference-time reasoning into machine translation (MT), where human translators naturally employ structured, multi-layered…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Minggui He , Yilun Liu , Shimin Tao , Yuanchang Luo , Hongyong Zeng , Chang Su , Li Zhang , Hongxia Ma , Daimeng Wei , Weibin Meng , Hao Yang , Boxing Chen , Osamu Yoshie

The recent text-to-speech (TTS) has achieved quality comparable to that of humans; however, its application in spoken dialogue has not been widely studied. This study aims to realize a TTS that closely resembles human dialogue. First, we…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-06-27 Kentaro Mitsui , Tianyu Zhao , Kei Sawada , Yukiya Hono , Yoshihiko Nankaku , Keiichi Tokuda

Self-evolving memory systems are unprecedentedly reshaping the evolutionary paradigm of large language model (LLM)-based agents. Prior work has predominantly relied on manually engineered memory architectures to store trajectories, distill…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Guibin Zhang , Haotian Ren , Chong Zhan , Zhenhong Zhou , Junhao Wang , He Zhu , Wangchunshu Zhou , Shuicheng Yan

Process Reward Models (PRMs) provide step-level supervision that improves the reliability of reasoning in large language models. While PRMs have been extensively studied in text-based domains, their extension to Vision Language Models…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Brandon Ong , Tej Deep Pala , Vernon Toh , William Chandra Tjhi , Soujanya Poria

We propose a statistical framework built on latent variable modeling for scaling laws of large language models (LLMs). Our work is motivated by the rapid emergence of numerous new LLM families with distinct architectures and training…

Speech-to-text alignment is a critical component of neural textto-speech (TTS) models. Autoregressive TTS models typically use an attention mechanism to learn these alignments on-line. However, these alignments tend to be brittle and often…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-08-25 Rohan Badlani , Adrian Łancucki , Kevin J. Shih , Rafael Valle , Wei Ping , Bryan Catanzaro

Existing memory systems enable Large Language Models (LLMs) to support long-horizon human-LLM interactions by persisting historical interactions beyond limited context windows. However, while recent approaches have succeeded in constructing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Haidong Xin , Xinze Li , Zhenghao Liu , Yukun Yan , Shuo Wang , Cheng Yang , Yu Gu , Ge Yu , Maosong Sun

Test-time scaling improves the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) by allocating extra compute to generate longer Chains-of-Thoughts (CoTs). This enables models to tackle more complex problem by breaking them down into…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Adel Javanmard , Baharan Mirzasoleiman , Vahab Mirrokni

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong reasoning capabilities, and as existing approaches for enhancing LLM reasoning continue to mature, increasing attention has shifted toward meta-reasoning as a promising direction for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Ziqing Zhuang , Linhai Zhang , Jiasheng Si , Deyu Zhou , Yulan He

In the unsupervised self-evolution of Multimodal Large Language Models, the quality of feedback signals during post-training is pivotal for stable and effective learning. However, existing self-evolution methods predominantly rely on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Yunyao Yu , Zhengxian Wu , Zhuohong Chen , Hangrui Xu , Zirui Liao , Xiangwen Deng , Zhifang Liu , Senyuan Shi , Haoqian Wang

This paper introduces a simple and scalable approach to improve the data efficiency of large language model (LLM) training by augmenting existing text data with thinking trajectories. The compute for pre-training LLMs has been growing at an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Liang Wang , Nan Yang , Shaohan Huang , Li Dong , Furu Wei

Large reasoning models (LRMs) have exhibited strong performance on complex reasoning tasks, with further gains achievable through increased computational budgets at inference. However, current test-time scaling methods predominantly rely on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Jie Chen , Jinhao Jiang , Yingqian Min , Zican Dong , Shijie Wang , Wayne Xin Zhao , Ji-Rong Wen

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated their effectiveness in multivariate time series classification (MTSC). Effective adaptation of LLMs for MTSC necessitates informative data representations. Existing LLM-based methods directly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Jiahao Wang , Mingyue Cheng , Qingyang Mao , Yitong Zhou , Daoyu Wang , Qi Liu , Feiyang Xu , Xin Li