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Recently, Transformers have shown promising performance in various vision tasks. A challenging issue in Transformer design is that global self-attention is very expensive to compute, especially for the high-resolution vision tasks. Local…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-15 Zhemin Zhang , Xun Gong

Transformers' quadratic computational complexity limits their scalability despite remarkable performance. While linear attention reduces this to linear complexity, pre-training such models from scratch remains, in most cases, prohibitively…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Martin Benfeghoul , Teresa Delgado , Adnan Oomerjee , Haitham Bou Ammar , Jun Wang , Zafeirios Fountas

Post-training hybridization of large language models (LLMs) often replaces quadratic self-attention with sliding-window attention (SWA) to reduce KV cache usage and improve latency. Existing hybridization schemes are typically defined…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Abbas Ghaddar , Ivan Kobyzev , Boxing Chen , Yufei Cui

Efficient modeling of long sequences of high-order data requires a more efficient architecture than Transformer. In this paper, we investigate two key aspects of extending linear recurrent models, especially those originally designed for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Yibo Zhong

Efficiently supporting long context length is crucial for Transformer models. The quadratic complexity of the self-attention computation plagues traditional Transformers. Sliding window-based static sparse attention mitigates the problem by…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Zhenyu Bai , Pranav Dangi , Huize Li , Tulika Mitra

Video diffusion models have recently shown promise for world modeling through autoregressive frame prediction conditioned on actions. However, they struggle to maintain long-term memory due to the high computational cost associated with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Ryan Po , Yotam Nitzan , Richard Zhang , Berlin Chen , Tri Dao , Eli Shechtman , Gordon Wetzstein , Xun Huang

Currently, lightweight hybrid backbone networks have partially alleviated the issue of computational saturation, but the imbalance in computational efficiencys between convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and attention mechanisms is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Fengyun Li , Chao Zheng , Yangyang Fang , Jialiang Lan , Jianhua Liang , Luhao Zhang , Fa Si

Local-global attention models have recently emerged as compelling alternatives to standard Transformers, promising improvements in both training and inference efficiency. However, the crucial choice of window size presents a Pareto…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Bailin Wang , Chang Lan , Chong Wang , Ruoming Pang

Linear-attention models that compress the entire input sequence into a fixed-size recurrent state offer an efficient alternative to Transformers, but their finite memory induces forgetfulness that harms retrieval-intensive tasks. To…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Mutian He , Philip N. Garner

Efficient long-context modeling remains a critical challenge for natural language processing (NLP), as the time complexity of the predominant Transformer architecture scales quadratically with the sequence length. While state-space models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Zhihao Zhan , Jianan Zhao , Zhaocheng Zhu , Jian Tang

The evolution of large language models (LLMs) towards applications with ultra-long contexts faces challenges posed by the high computational and memory costs of the Transformer architecture. While existing sparse and linear attention…

The quadratic computational complexity of standard attention mechanisms presents a severe scalability bottleneck for LLMs in long-context scenarios. While hybrid attention mechanisms combining Full Attention (FA) and Sparse Attention (SA)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Quantong Qiu , Zhiyi Hong , Yi Yang , Haitian Wang , Kebin Liu , Qingqing Dang , Juntao Li , Min Zhang

Self-supervised learning (SSL) has advanced speech processing but suffers from quadratic complexity due to self-attention. To address this, SummaryMixing (SM) has been proposed as a linear-time alternative that summarizes entire utterances…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-11 Aditya Srinivas Menon , Kumud Tripathi , Raj Gohil , Pankaj Wasnik

Slim attention shrinks the context memory size by 2x for transformer models with MHA (multi-head attention), which can speed up inference by up to 2x for large context windows. Slim attention is an exact, mathematically identical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Nils Graef , Andrew Wasielewski

To mitigate the computational complexity in the self-attention mechanism on long sequences, linear attention utilizes computation tricks to achieve linear complexity, while state space models (SSMs) popularize a favorable practice of using…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-17 Zicheng Liu , Siyuan Li , Li Wang , Zedong Wang , Yunfan Liu , Stan Z. Li

The vanilla self-attention mechanism inherently relies on pre-defined and steadfast computational dimensions. Such inflexibility restricts it from possessing context-oriented generalization that can bring more contextual cues and global…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-19 Rui Yang , Hailong Ma , Jie Wu , Yansong Tang , Xuefeng Xiao , Min Zheng , Xiu Li

Vision Transformers (ViT) serve as powerful vision models. Unlike convolutional neural networks, which dominated vision research in previous years, vision transformers enjoy the ability to capture long-range dependencies in the data.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-20 Moab Arar , Ariel Shamir , Amit H. Bermano

Attention mechanisms, especially self-attention, have played an increasingly important role in deep feature representation for visual tasks. Self-attention updates the feature at each position by computing a weighted sum of features using…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-01 Meng-Hao Guo , Zheng-Ning Liu , Tai-Jiang Mu , Shi-Min Hu

Long-context inference in Large Language Models (LLMs) is bottlenecked by the quadratic computation complexity of attention and the substantial memory footprint of Key-Value (KV) caches. While existing sparse attention mechanisms attempt to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Xuan Ai , Qingqing Yang , Peng Wang , Lei Deng , Lin Zhang , Renhai Chen , Gong Zhang

Inevitable specular highlights in practical environments severely impair the visual performance, thus degrading the task effectiveness and efficiency. Although there exist considerable methods that focus on local information from…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Tianci Huo , Lingfeng Qi , Yuhan Chen , Qihong Xue , Jinyuan Shao , Hai Yu , Jie Li , Zhanhua Zhang , Guofa Li