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Long-horizon agentic reasoning requires large language models to act over long interaction histories containing thoughts, tool calls, observations, and partial conclusions. The challenge is not merely that these histories grow long, but…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Yuyang Hu , Hongjin Qian , Shuting Wang , Jiongnan Liu , Ziliang Zhao , Jiejun Tan , Zheng Liu , Zhicheng Dou

Recurrent neural networks like long short-term memory (LSTM) are important architectures for sequential prediction tasks. LSTMs (and RNNs in general) model sequences along the forward time direction. Bidirectional LSTMs (Bi-LSTMs) on the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-11-16 Samira Shabanian , Devansh Arpit , Adam Trischler , Yoshua Bengio

Streaming video generation (SVG) distills a pretrained bidirectional video diffusion model into an autoregressive model equipped with sliding window attention (SWA). However, SWA inevitably loses distant history during long video…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Ruibin Li , Tao Yang , Fangzhou Ai , Tianhe Wu , Shilei Wen , Bingyue Peng , Lei Zhang

To operate effectively in the real world, agents should be able to act from high-dimensional raw sensory input such as images and achieve diverse goals across long time-horizons. Current deep reinforcement and imitation learning methods can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-16 Scott Emmons , Ajay Jain , Michael Laskin , Thanard Kurutach , Pieter Abbeel , Deepak Pathak

While local-window self-attention performs notably in vision tasks, it suffers from limited receptive field and weak modeling capability issues. This is mainly because it performs self-attention within non-overlapped windows and shares…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-13 Qiang Chen , Qiman Wu , Jian Wang , Qinghao Hu , Tao Hu , Errui Ding , Jian Cheng , Jingdong Wang

Transformer-based architectures traditionally employ softmax to compute attention weights, which produces dense distributions over all tokens in a sequence. While effective in many settings, this density has been shown to be detrimental for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Pavlo Vasylenko , Hugo Pitorro , André F. T. Martins , Marcos Treviso

Associative memory using fast weights is a short-term memory mechanism that substantially improves the memory capacity and time scale of recurrent neural networks (RNNs). As recent studies introduced fast weights only to regular RNNs, it is…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2018-04-19 T. Anderson Keller , Sharath Nittur Sridhar , Xin Wang

Neural attention models have achieved significant improvements on many natural language processing tasks. However, the quadratic memory complexity of the self-attention module with respect to the input length hinders their applications in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-01 Yixin Liu , Ansong Ni , Linyong Nan , Budhaditya Deb , Chenguang Zhu , Ahmed H. Awadallah , Dragomir Radev

Large language models (LLMs) can now handle longer sequences of tokens, enabling complex tasks like book understanding and generating lengthy novels. However, the key-value (KV) cache required for LLMs consumes substantial memory as context…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-13 Haojie Duanmu , Zhihang Yuan , Xiuhong Li , Jiangfei Duan , Xingcheng Zhang , Dahua Lin

Transformers have demonstrated great potential in computer vision tasks. To avoid dense computations of self-attentions in high-resolution visual data, some recent Transformer models adopt a hierarchical design, where self-attentions are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-13 Jinpeng Li , Yichao Yan , Shengcai Liao , Xiaokang Yang , Ling Shao

Long-term conversational agents need memory systems that capture relationships between events, not merely isolated facts, to support temporal reasoning and multi-hop question answering. Current approaches face a fundamental trade-off: flat…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Buqiang Xu , Yijun Chen , Jizhan Fang , Ruobin Zhong , Yunzhi Yao , Yuqi Zhu , Lun Du , Shumin Deng

Self-attention has recently been adopted for a wide range of sequence modeling problems. Despite its effectiveness, self-attention suffers from quadratic compute and memory requirements with respect to sequence length. Successful approaches…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-27 Aurko Roy , Mohammad Saffar , Ashish Vaswani , David Grangier

Biological agents have adopted the principle of attention to limit the rate of incoming information from the environment. One question that arises is if an artificial agent has access to only a limited view of its surroundings, how can it…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-03-12 Himanshu Sahni , Charles Isbell

In recent years, learned image compression methods have demonstrated superior rate-distortion performance compared to traditional image compression methods. Recent methods utilize convolutional neural networks (CNN), variational…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Priyanka Mudgal , Feng Liu

Deploying Large Language Models (LLMs) in streaming applications such as multi-round dialogue, where long interactions are expected, is urgently needed but poses two major challenges. Firstly, during the decoding stage, caching previous…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Guangxuan Xiao , Yuandong Tian , Beidi Chen , Song Han , Mike Lewis

Improving the effectiveness and efficiency of large language models (LLMs) simultaneously is a critical yet challenging research goal. In this paper, we find that low-rank pre-training, normally considered as efficient methods that will…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Xingtai Lv , Ning Ding , Kaiyan Zhang , Ermo Hua , Ganqu Cui , Bowen Zhou

In-context learning is a remarkable property of transformers and has been the focus of recent research. An attention mechanism is a key component in transformers, in which an attention matrix encodes relationships between words in a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Katsuyuki Hagiwara

To effectively reduce the visual tokens in Visual Large Language Models (VLLMs), we propose a novel approach called Window Token Concatenation (WiCo). Specifically, we employ a sliding window to concatenate spatially adjacent visual tokens.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Yifan Li , Wentao Bao , Botao Ye , Zhen Tan , Tianlong Chen , Huan Liu , Yu Kong

Non-local (NL) block is a popular module that demonstrates the capability to model global contexts. However, NL block generally has heavy computation and memory costs, so it is impractical to apply the block to high-resolution feature maps.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-28 Yooshin Cho , Youngsoo Kim , Hanbyel Cho , Jaesung Ahn , Hyeong Gwon Hong , Junmo Kim

The self-attention mechanism distinguishes transformer-based large language models (LLMs) apart from convolutional and recurrent neural networks. Despite the performance improvement, achieving real-time LLM inference on silicon remains…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-11-18 Shiwei Liu , Guanchen Tao , Yifei Zou , Derek Chow , Zichen Fan , Kauna Lei , Bangfei Pan , Dennis Sylvester , Gregory Kielian , Mehdi Saligane
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