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Color Refinement, also known as Naive Vertex Classification, is a classical method to distinguish graphs by iteratively computing a coloring of their vertices. While it is mainly used as an imperfect way to test for isomorphism, the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Benjamin Scheidt , Nicole Schweikardt

Classical graph algorithms work well for combinatorial problems that can be thoroughly formalized and abstracted. Once the algorithm is derived, it generalizes to instances of any size. However, developing an algorithm that handles complex…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-12 Florian Grötschla , Joël Mathys , Roger Wattenhofer

We present a simple $(1+\varepsilon)\Delta$-edge-coloring algorithm for graphs of maximum degree $\Delta = \Omega(\log n / \varepsilon)$ with running time $O\left(m\,\log^3 n/\varepsilon^3\right)$. Our algorithm improves upon that of [Duan,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-07-24 Abhishek Dhawan

Graph coloring is used in wireless networks to optimize network resources: bandwidth and energy. Nodes access the medium according to their color. It is the responsibility of the coloring algorithm to ensure that interfering nodes do not…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2011-10-10 Ichrak Amdouni , Cédric Adjih , Pascale Minet

We show that recent innovations in deep reinforcement learning can effectively color very large graphs -- a well-known NP-hard problem with clear commercial applications. Because the Monte Carlo Tree Search with Upper Confidence Bound…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-11-11 Jiayi Huang , Mostofa Patwary , Gregory Diamos

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in solving various graph coloring problems in the streaming model. The initial algorithms in this line of work are all crucially randomized, raising natural questions about how important a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-12-22 Sepehr Assadi , Amit Chakrabarti , Prantar Ghosh , Manuel Stoeckl

In a previous version of this document we misinterpreted the runtime of a part of the described algorithm. Indeed, the runtime is not better than the Grover-Algorithm. We therefor withdraw this work. We present a novel algorithmic approach…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-04 Michael Epping , Tobias Stollenwerk

The focus of this paper is two fold. Firstly, we present a logical approach to graph modification problems such as minimum node deletion, edge deletion, edge augmentation problems by expressing them as an expression in first order (FO)…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2017-11-09 Kona Harshita , Sounaka Mishra , Renjith. P , N. Sadagopan

In many domains of empirical sciences, discovering the causal structure within variables remains an indispensable task. Recently, to tackle with unoriented edges or latent assumptions violation suffered by conventional methods, researchers…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Shixuan Liu , Yanghe Feng , Keyu Wu , Guangquan Cheng , Jincai Huang , Zhong Liu

Recently, graph-based planning algorithms have gained much attention to solve goal-conditioned reinforcement learning (RL) tasks: they provide a sequence of subgoals to reach the target-goal, and the agents learn to execute…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-21 Junsu Kim , Younggyo Seo , Sungsoo Ahn , Kyunghwan Son , Jinwoo Shin

We introduce a new notion of resilience for constraint satisfaction problems, with the goal of more precisely determining the boundary between NP-hardness and the existence of efficient algorithms for resilient instances. In particular, we…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2014-06-13 Jeremy Kun , Lev Reyzin

Given two input graphs, finding the largest subgraph that occurs in both, i.e., finding the maximum common subgraph, is a fundamental operator for evaluating the similarity between two graphs in graph data analysis. Existing works for…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Kaiqiang Yu , Kaixin Wang , Cheng Long , Laks Lakshmanan , Reynold Cheng

Any graph with maximum degree $\Delta$ admits a proper vertex coloring with $\Delta + 1$ colors that can be found via a simple sequential greedy algorithm in linear time and space. But can one find such a coloring via a sublinear algorithm?…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-01-08 Sepehr Assadi , Yu Chen , Sanjeev Khanna

We introduce ZykovColor, a novel SAT-based algorithm to solve the graph coloring problem working on top of an encoding that mimics the Zykov tree. Our method is based on an approach of H\'ebrard and Katsirelos (2020) that employs a…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Timo Brand , Daniel Faber , Stephan Held , Petra Mutzel

The Max-Cut problem is a fundamental NP-hard problem, which is attracting attention in the field of quantum computation these days. Regarding the approximation algorithm of the Max-Cut problem, algorithms based on semidefinite programming…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-03-01 Eiichiro Sato

Graph coloring is a computationally difficult problem, and currently the best known classical algorithm for $k$-coloring of graphs on $n$ vertices has runtimes $\Omega(2^n)$ for $k\ge 5$. The list coloring problem asks the following more…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-04 Sayan Mukherjee

We develop a new framework for generalizing approximation algorithms from the structural graph algorithm literature so that they apply to graphs somewhat close to that class (a scenario we expect is common when working with real-world…

This paper introduces an efficient quantum computing method for reducing special graphs in the context of the graph coloring problem. The special graphs considered include both symmetric and non-symmetric graphs where the axis passes…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-21 Lord Sen , Shyamapada Mukherjee

Large-scale graphs are ubiquitous in real-world scenarios and can be trained by Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) to generate representation for downstream tasks. Given the abundant information and complex topology of a large-scale graph, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-05 Xin Liu , Xunbin Xiong , Mingyu Yan , Runzhen Xue , Shirui Pan , Xiaochun Ye , Dongrui Fan

We propose a new proof technique that aims to be applied to the same problems as the Lov\'asz Local Lemma or the entropy-compression method. We present this approach in the context of non-repetitive colorings and we use it to improve…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-06-24 Matthieu Rosenfeld