Related papers: Pull-Forward and Induced Vaccination Under Time-Li…
Childhood vaccination is a cornerstone of public health, yet disparities in vaccination coverage persist across England. These disparities are shaped by complex interactions among various factors, including geographic, demographic,…
Increasing the success rate of a process, i.e. the percentage of cases that end in a positive outcome, is a recurrent process improvement goal. At runtime, there are often certain actions (a.k.a. treatments) that workers may execute to lift…
Despite high vaccine coverage, pertussis has re-emerged as a public health concern in many countries. One hypothesis posed for re-emergence is the waning of immunity. In some disease systems, the process of waning immunity can be…
Substudies of the Childhood Asthma Management Program [Control. Clin. Trials 20 (1999) 91-120; N. Engl. J. Med. 343 (2000) 1054-1063] seek to identify patient characteristics associated with asthma symptoms and lung function. To determine…
In real-time forecasting in public health, data collection is a non-trivial and demanding task. Often after initially released, it undergoes several revisions later (maybe due to human or technical constraints) - as a result, it may take…
Background: A recent epidemiological analysis of staggered policy implementation reported a 29.4% reduction in COVID-19 cases by maintaining school mask mandates in the greater Boston area during the first half of 2022. The robustness of…
Language model finetuning often results in learning undesirable traits in combination with desired ones. To address this, we propose inoculation prompting: modifying finetuning data by prepending a short system-prompt instruction that…
Most vaccines require multiple doses, the first to induce recognition and antibody production and subsequent doses to boost the primary response and achieve optimal protection. We show that properly prioritizing the administration of first…
A critical question in epidemic control concerns the minimal requirements for a vaccination campaign to effectively halt a contagion process. However, control measures can inadvertently trigger resurgence dynamics, driven by a reservoir of…
India's mass vaccination efforts have been slow due to high levels of vaccine hesitancy. This study uses data from an online discrete choice experiment with 1371 respondents to rigorously examine the factors shaping vaccine preference in…
Pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) have been crucial for controlling COVID-19. They are complemented by voluntary health-protective behaviour, building a complex interplay between risk perception, behaviour, and…
Inspired by Minority Games, we constructed a novel individual-level game of adaptive decision-making based on the dilemma of deciding whether to participate in voluntary influenza vaccination programs. The proportion of the population…
Graduated driver licensing systems effectively reduce adolescent traffic fatalities but create unintended health consequences. Using state-level variation in licensing policies from 1999-2020 and difference-in-differences analysis, we…
During Covid-19 outbreaks, school closures are employed as part of governments' non-pharmaceutical interventions around the world to reduce the number of contacts and keep the reproduction number below 1. Yet, prolonged school closures have…
The purpose of this study is to find out influential factors of intention to use the proposed system among health centers by considering the technology acceptance model as the underlying theory. The proposed model of this study is tested…
We consider time to treatment initiation. This can commonly occur in preventive medicine, such as disease screening and vaccination; it can also occur with non-fatal health conditions such as HIV infection without the onset of AIDS. While…
Why do vaccination rates remain low even in countries where long-established immunization programs exist and vaccines are provided for free? We study this paradox in the context of India, which contributes to the world's largest pool of…
We analyze a periodically-forced dynamical system inspired by the SIR model with impulsive vaccination. We fully characterize its dynamics according to the proportion $p$ of vaccinated individuals and the time $T$ between doses. If the…
Between 1949 and 1980, every U.S. state mandated public schools to provide educational services for disabled students. This is one of the largest education reforms in U.S. history, but little is known about its impacts. Given scarce data in…
Digital contact tracing has been deployed as a public health intervention to help suppress the spread of COVID-19 in many jurisdictions. However, most governments have struggled with low uptake and participation rates, limiting the…