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Across the Artificial Intelligence (AI) lifecycle - from hardware to development, deployment, and reuse - burdens span energy, carbon, water, and embodied impacts. Cloud provider tools improve transparency but remain heterogeneous and often…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Marcel Rojahn , Marcus Grum

This paper examines the integration of AI's carbon footprint into the risk management frameworks (RMFs) of the banking sector, emphasising its importance in aligning with sustainability goals and regulatory requirements. As AI becomes…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Nataliya Tkachenko

Misinformation regarding climate change is a key roadblock in addressing one of the most serious threats to humanity. This paper investigates factual accuracy in large language models (LLMs) regarding climate information. Using true/false…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Michael Fore , Simranjit Singh , Chaehong Lee , Amritanshu Pandey , Antonios Anastasopoulos , Dimitrios Stamoulis

Unreliable predictions can occur when using artificial intelligence (AI) systems with negative consequences for downstream applications, particularly when employed for decision-making. Conformal prediction provides a model-agnostic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-15 Geethen Singh , Glenn Moncrieff , Zander Venter , Kerry Cawse-Nicholson , Jasper Slingsby , Tamara B Robinson

As artificial intelligence (AI) becomes integral to economy and society, communication gaps between developers, users, and stakeholders hinder trust and informed decision-making. High-level AI labels, inspired by frameworks like EU energy…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Raphael Fischer , Magdalena Wischnewski , Alexander van der Staay , Katharina Poitz , Christian Janiesch , Thomas Liebig

Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely used in software engineering to generate, complete, translate, and fix code, improving developer productivity. While most research focuses on the energy consumption and carbon emissions of model…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Sabiya Banu Masthan Ali , Oussema Kirmani , Aroosa Hameed , Syed Muhammad Danish , Gautam Srivastava

Artificial intelligence (AI) has become a crucial instrument for streamlining processes in various industries, including electrical power systems, as a result of recent digitalization. Algorithms for artificial intelligence are data-driven…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Abdur Rashid , Parag Biswas , Angona Biswas , MD Abdullah Al Nasim , Kishor Datta Gupta , Roy George

The rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has led to unprecedented computational demands, raising significant environmental and ethical concerns. This paper critiques the prevailing reliance on large-scale, static datasets and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-28 KC Santosh , Rodrigue Rizk , Longwei Wang

Increased usage of generative AI (GenAI) in Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) research induces a climate impact from carbon emissions due to energy consumption of the hardware used to develop and run GenAI models and systems. The exact…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Nanna Inie , Jeanette Falk , Raghavendra Selvan

Automated machine learning (AutoML) strives for the automatic configuration of machine learning algorithms and their composition into an overall (software) solution - a machine learning pipeline - tailored to the learning task (dataset) at…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Tanja Tornede , Alexander Tornede , Jonas Hanselle , Marcel Wever , Felix Mohr , Eyke Hüllermeier

AI-generated answers to conventional search queries dramatically increase the energy consumption. By our estimates, energy demand increase by 60-70 times. This is a based on an updated estimate of energy consumption for conventional search…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Wim Vanderbauwhede

Today, deep learning optimization is primarily driven by research focused on achieving high inference accuracy and reducing latency. However, the energy efficiency aspect is often overlooked, possibly due to a lack of sustainability mindset…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Xiaolong Tu , Anik Mallik , Dawei Chen , Kyungtae Han , Onur Altintas , Haoxin Wang , Jiang Xie

As AI capabilities and deployment accelerate toward a post-AGI era, concerns are growing about electricity demand and carbon emissions from AI computing, yet it is rarely represented explicitly in long term energy-economy-climate scenario…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Doyi Kim , Jiseok Ahn , Haewon McJeon , Changick Kim

Growing awareness of the environmental impact of digital technologies has led to several isolated initiatives to promote sustainable practices. However, despite these efforts, the environmental footprint of generative AI, particularly in…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Thomas Le Goff

Recent years have seen a surge in the popularity of commercial AI products based on generative, multi-purpose AI systems promising a unified approach to building machine learning (ML) models into technology. However, this ambition of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Alexandra Sasha Luccioni , Yacine Jernite , Emma Strubell

Since the depletion of fossil fuels, the world has started to rely heavily on renewable sources of energy. With every passing year, our dependency on the renewable sources of energy is increasing exponentially. As a result, complex and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-27 Yasir Saleem Afridi , Kashif Ahmad , Laiq Hassan

The rising energy demands of machine learning (ML), e.g., implemented in popular variants like retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems, have raised significant concerns about their environmental sustainability. While previous research…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Zhinuan Guo , Chushu Gao , Justus Bogner

A critical review of artificial intelligence and deep machine learning (AI/ML) applied to downscaling of global climate model simulations provides some words of caution, based on past experiences and well-established principles. Recent…

Geophysics · Physics 2026-01-06 Rasmus E. Benestad

The digital era has raised many societal challenges, including ICT's rising energy consumption and protecting privacy of personal data processing. This paper considers both aspects in relation to machine learning accuracy in an…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Pepijn de Reus , Kyra Dresen , Ana Oprescu , Kristina Irion , Ans Kolk

Deploying Large Language Models (LLMs) on edge devices presents significant challenges due to computational constraints, memory limitations, inference speed, and energy consumption. Model quantization has emerged as a key technique to…