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Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have been increasingly applied in real-world scenarios due to their outstanding understanding and reasoning capabilities. Although VLMs have already demonstrated impressive capabilities in common visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Yuechen Xie , Xiaoyan Zhang , Yicheng Shan , Hao Zhu , Rui Tang , Rong Wei , Mingli Song , Yuanyu Wan , Jie Song

Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) have achieved strong performance across a range of vision and language tasks. However, their spatial reasoning capabilities are under-investigated. In this paper, we construct a novel VQA dataset, Spatial-MM,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Fatemeh Shiri , Xiao-Yu Guo , Mona Golestan Far , Xin Yu , Gholamreza Haffari , Yuan-Fang Li

Visual grounding (VG) aims to establish fine-grained alignment between vision and language. Ideally, it can be a testbed for vision-and-language models to evaluate their understanding of the images and texts and their reasoning abilities…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-24 Zhihong Chen , Ruifei Zhang , Yibing Song , Xiang Wan , Guanbin Li

Understanding user instructions and object spatial relations in surrounding environments is crucial for intelligent robot systems to assist humans in various tasks. The natural language and spatial reasoning capabilities of Vision-Language…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Wenxi Wu , Jingjing Zhang , Martim Brandão

Vision Language Models (VLMs) play a crucial role in robotic manipulation by enabling robots to understand and interpret the visual properties of objects and their surroundings, allowing them to perform manipulation based on this multimodal…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Nurhan Bulus Guran , Hanchi Ren , Jingjing Deng , Xianghua Xie

Vision-language models (VLMs) have advanced rapidly, but their ability to capture spatial relationships remains a blindspot. Current VLMs are typically built with contrastive language-image pretraining (CLIP) style image encoders. The…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Nahid Alam , Leema Krishna Murali , Siddhant Bharadwaj , Patrick Liu , Timothy Chung , Drishti Sharma , Akshata A , Kranthi Kiran , Wesley Tam , Bala Krishna S Vegesna

Open-vocabulary learning has emerged as a cutting-edge research area, particularly in light of the widespread adoption of vision-based foundational models. Its primary objective is to comprehend novel concepts that are not encompassed…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Chunlei Wang , Wenquan Feng , Xiangtai Li , Guangliang Cheng , Shuchang Lyu , Binghao Liu , Lijiang Chen , Qi Zhao

Vision-language models (VLMs) have advanced multimodal reasoning but still face challenges in spatial reasoning for 3D scenes and complex object configurations. To address this, we introduce SpatialViLT, an enhanced VLM that integrates…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Chashi Mahiul Islam , Oteo Mamo , Samuel Jacob Chacko , Xiuwen Liu , Weikuan Yu

When answering questions about an image, it not only needs knowing what -- understanding the fine-grained contents (e.g., objects, relationships) in the image, but also telling why -- reasoning over grounding visual cues to derive the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-12-22 Jianwei Yang , Jiayuan Mao , Jiajun Wu , Devi Parikh , David D. Cox , Joshua B. Tenenbaum , Chuang Gan

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have altered the landscape of computer vision, obtaining impressive results across a wide range of tasks, especially in zero-shot settings. Unfortunately, their strong performance does not always…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Darryl Hannan , John Cooper , Dylan White , Timothy Doster , Henry Kvinge , Yijing Watkins

Modeling instance-level context and object-object relationships is extremely challenging. It requires reasoning about bounding boxes of different classes, locations \etc. Above all, instance-level spatial reasoning inherently requires…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-04-14 Xinlei Chen , Abhinav Gupta

While current multimodal models can answer questions based on 2D images, they lack intrinsic 3D object perception, limiting their ability to comprehend spatial relationships and depth cues in 3D scenes. In this work, we propose N3D-VLM, a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Yuxin Wang , Lei Ke , Boqiang Zhang , Tianyuan Qu , Hanxun Yu , Zhenpeng Huang , Meng Yu , Dan Xu , Dong Yu

The spatial reasoning task aims to reason about the spatial relationships in 2D and 3D space, which is a fundamental capability for Visual Question Answering (VQA) and robotics. Although vision language models (VLMs) have developed rapidly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Xun Liang , Xin Guo , Zhongming Jin , Weihang Pan , Penghui Shang , Deng Cai , Binbin Lin , Jieping Ye

Vision language models (VLMs) perform well on many tasks but often fail at spatial reasoning, which is essential for navigation and interaction with physical environments. Many spatial reasoning tasks depend on fundamental two-dimensional…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Yihong Tang , Ao Qu , Zhaokai Wang , Dingyi Zhuang , Zhaofeng Wu , Wei Ma , Shenhao Wang , Yunhan Zheng , Zhan Zhao , Jinhua Zhao

Humans possess spatial reasoning abilities that enable them to understand spaces through multimodal observations, such as vision and sound. Large multimodal reasoning models extend these abilities by learning to perceive and reason, showing…

Advances in multimodal pre-training have propelled object-level foundation models, such as Grounding DINO and Florence-2, in tasks like visual grounding and object detection. However, interpreting these models' decisions has grown…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-07 Ruoyu Chen , Siyuan Liang , Jingzhi Li , Shiming Liu , Maosen Li , Zhen Huang , Hua Zhang , Xiaochun Cao

Vision language models (VLMs) are an exciting emerging class of language models (LMs) that have merged classic LM capabilities with those of image processing systems. However, the ways that these capabilities combine are not always…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Qiucheng Wu , Handong Zhao , Michael Saxon , Trung Bui , William Yang Wang , Yang Zhang , Shiyu Chang

Visual grounding seeks to localize the image region corresponding to a free-form text description. Recently, the strong multimodal capabilities of Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have driven substantial improvements in visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Seil Kang , Jinyeong Kim , Junhyeok Kim , Seong Jae Hwang

Recent advances in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have significantly improved performance on tasks such as visual grounding and visual question answering. However, the reasoning processes of these models remain largely opaque;…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Haobo Yuan , Yueyi Sun , Yanwei Li , Tao Zhang , Xueqing Deng , Henghui Ding , Lu Qi , Anran Wang , Xiangtai Li , Ming-Hsuan Yang

Vision Language Models (VLMs) excel at identifying and describing objects but often fail at spatial reasoning. We study why VLMs, such as LLaVA, underutilize spatial cues despite having positional encodings and spatially rich vision encoder…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Jianing Qi , Jiawei Liu , Hao Tang , Zhigang Zhu