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Smishing, also known as SMS phishing, is a type of fraudulent communication in which an attacker disguises SMS communications to deceive a target into providing their sensitive data. Smishing attacks use a variety of tactics; however, they…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Daniel Timko , Muhammad Lutfor Rahman

Phishing is a prevalent cyberattack that uses look-alike websites to deceive users into revealing sensitive information. Numerous efforts have been made by the Internet community and security organizations to detect, prevent, or train users…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Gaurav Varshney , Akanksha Raj , Divya Sangwan , Sharif Abuadbba , Rina Mishra , Yansong Gao

The rise of Large Language Model (LLM) agents, augmented with tool use, skills, and external knowledge, has introduced new security risks. Among them, prompt injection attacks, where adversaries embed malicious instructions into the agent…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Shihao Weng , Yang Feng , Jinrui Zhang , Xiaofei Xie , Jiongchi Yu , Jia Liu

Typosquatting is a long-standing cyber threat that exploits human error in typing URLs to deceive users, distribute malware, and conduct phishing attacks. With the proliferation of domain names and new Top-Level Domains (TLDs),…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-31 Jackson Welch

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in sensitive domains including healthcare, legal services, and confidential communications, where privacy is paramount. This paper introduces Whisper Leak, a side-channel attack that…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Geoff McDonald , Jonathan Bar Or

Despite their growing adoption across domains, large language model (LLM)-powered agents face significant security risks from backdoor attacks during training and fine-tuning. These compromised agents can subsequently be manipulated to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Li Changjiang , Liang Jiacheng , Cao Bochuan , Chen Jinghui , Wang Ting

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate impressive capabilities across various fields, yet their increasing use raises critical security concerns. This article reviews recent literature addressing key issues in LLM security, with a focus…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Benji Peng , Keyu Chen , Ming Li , Pohsun Feng , Ziqian Bi , Junyu Liu , Xinyuan Song , Qian Niu

With the continuous evolution of Large Language Models (LLMs), LLM-based agents have advanced beyond passive chatbots to become autonomous cyber entities capable of performing complex tasks, including web browsing, malicious code and…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Minrui Xu , Jiani Fan , Xinyu Huang , Conghao Zhou , Jiawen Kang , Dusit Niyato , Shiwen Mao , Zhu Han , Xuemin , Shen , Kwok-Yan Lam

Most discussions about Large Language Model (LLM) safety have focused on single-agent settings but multi-agent LLM systems now create novel adversarial risks because their behavior depends on communication between agents and decentralized…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Rana Muhammad Shahroz Khan , Zhen Tan , Sukwon Yun , Charles Fleming , Tianlong Chen

In this paper we employ quantitative measurements of cognitive vulnerability triggers in phishing emails to predict the degree of success of an attack. To achieve this we rely on the cognitive psychology literature and develop an automated…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-05-30 Amber van der Heijden , Luca Allodi

Blockchain and decentralized finance have revolutionized the financial ecosystem while simultaneously exposing it to cryptocurrency phishing attacks. Existing phishing detection methods primarily rely on graph learning, but they face…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Cong Wu , Jing Chen , Siqi Lin , Hongda Li , Ziming Zhao

Phishing and sophisticated email-based social engineering attacks disproportionately affect vulnerable populations, such as refugees and immigrant students. However, these groups remain understudied in cybersecurity research. This gap in…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Mythili Menon , Nisha Vinayaga-Sureshkanth , Alec Schon , Kaitlyn Hemberger , Murtuza Jadliwala

The increased use of digital devices and applications has led to a rise in phishing attacks. We develop a serious game to raise awareness about phishing attacks and help people avoid these threats in a risk-free learning environment. This…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Argianto Rahartomo , Ahmed Tareq Ali Ghaleb , Mohammad Ghafari

Most research into anti-phishing defence assumes that the mal-actor is attempting to harvest end-users' personally identifiable information or login credentials and, hence, focuses on detecting phishing websites. The defences for this type…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-04-28 Trevor Wood , Vitor Basto-Fernandes , Eerke Boiten , Iryna Yevseyeva

Autonomous browsing agents powered by large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to automate web-based tasks. However, their reliance on dynamic content, tool execution, and user-provided data exposes them to a broad attack surface.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Mykyta Mudryi , Markiyan Chaklosh , Grzegorz Wójcik

Phishing attacks have evolved and increased over time and, for this reason, the task of distinguishing between a legitimate site and a phishing site is more and more difficult, fooling even the most expert users. The main proposals focused…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-02-01 F. Castaño , E. Fidalgo , E. Alegre , D. Chaves , M. Sanchez-Paniagua

Large Language Model-based systems (LLM systems) are information and query processing systems that use LLMs to plan operations from natural-language prompts and feed the output of each successive step into the LLM to plan the next. This…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Fangzhou Wu , Ethan Cecchetti , Chaowei Xiao

Web-based phishing attacks nowadays exploit popular cloud web hosting services and apps such as Google Sites and Typeform for hosting their attacks. Since these attacks originate from reputable domains and IP addresses of the cloud…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-10-31 Birendra Jha , Medha Atre , Ashwini Rao

The rapid evolution of cloud computing technologies and the increasing number of cloud applications have provided numerous benefits in our daily lives. However, the diversity and complexity of different components pose a significant…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Yuyang Zhou , Guang Cheng , Kang Du , Zihan Chen , Yuyu Zhao

IT professionals have no simple tool to create phishing websites and raise the awareness of users. We developed a prototype that can dynamically mimic websites by using enriched screenshots, which requires no additional programming…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-11-08 Pascal Gadient , Pascal Gerig , Oscar Nierstrasz , Mohammad Ghafari