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Time series are critical for decision-making in fields like finance and healthcare. Their importance has driven a recent influx of works passing time series into language models, leading to non-trivial forecasting on some datasets. But it…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-19 Mike A. Merrill , Mingtian Tan , Vinayak Gupta , Tom Hartvigsen , Tim Althoff

Time series data are central to domains such as finance, healthcare, and cloud computing, yet existing benchmarks for evaluating various large language models (LLMs) on temporal tasks remain scattered and unsystematic. To bridge this gap,…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Yao Yin , Zhenyu Xiao , Musheng Li , Yiwen Liu , Sutong Nan , Yiting He , Ruiqi Wang , Zhenwei Zhang , Qingmin Liao , Yuantao Gu

In the time-series domain, an increasing number of works combine text with temporal data to leverage the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) for various downstream time-series understanding tasks. This enables a single…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Zhirui Zhang , Changhua Pei , Tianyi Gao , Zhe Xie , Yibo Hao , Zhaoyang Yu , Longlong Xu , Tong Xiao , Jing Han , Dan Pei

Conditional time series generation plays a critical role in addressing data scarcity and enabling causal analysis in real-world applications. Despite its increasing importance, the field lacks a standardized and systematic benchmarking…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Shaocheng Lan , Shuqi Gu , Zhangzhi Xiong , Kan Ren

Text-to-Time Series generation holds significant potential to address challenges such as data sparsity, imbalance, and limited availability of multimodal time series datasets across domains. While diffusion models have achieved remarkable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Yunfeng Ge , Jiawei Li , Yiji Zhao , Haomin Wen , Zhao Li , Meikang Qiu , Hongyan Li , Ming Jin , Shirui Pan

Recent works propose complex multi-modal models that handle both time series and language, ultimately claiming high performance on complex tasks like time series reasoning and cross-modal question answering. However, they skip foundational…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Medhasweta Sen , Zachary Gottesman , Jiaxing Qiu , C. Bayan Bruss , Nam Nguyen , Tom Hartvigsen

In this paper, we explore the task of automatically generating natural language descriptions of salient patterns in a time series, such as stock prices of a company over a week. A model for this task should be able to extract high-level…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-06 Harsh Jhamtani , Taylor Berg-Kirkpatrick

Recent advances in deep learning have driven rapid progress in time series forecasting, yet many state-of-the-art models continue to struggle with robust performance in real-world applications, even when they achieve strong results on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Qitai Tan , Yiyun Chen , Mo Li , Ruiwen Gu , Yilin Su , Xiao-Ping Zhang

Cause-and-effect reasoning in video is a significant challenge for Vision-Language Models (VLMs), as it requires going beyond surface-level perception to a deeper understanding of causal mechanisms. However, existing benchmarks rarely…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Mingfang Zhang , Jingjing Pan , Ashutosh Kumar , Rajat Saini , Mustafa Erdogan , Hsuan-Kung Yang , Caixin Kang , Yifei Huang , Yoichi Sato , Quan Kong

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promising performance in time series modeling tasks, but do they truly understand time series data? While multiple benchmarks have been proposed to answer this fundamental question, most are manually…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Malgorzata Gwiazda , Yifu Cai , Mononito Goswami , Arjun Choudhry , Artur Dubrawski

Despite the growing body of work on explainable machine learning in time series classification (TSC), it remains unclear how to evaluate different explainability methods. Resorting to qualitative assessment and user studies to evaluate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Jacqueline Höllig , Steffen Thoma , Florian Grimm

Uncovering hidden symbolic laws from time series data, as an aspiration dating back to Kepler's discovery of planetary motion, remains a core challenge in scientific discovery and artificial intelligence. While Large Language Models show…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Zewen Liu , Juntong Ni , Xianfeng Tang , Max S. Y. Lau , Qi He , Wenpeng Yin , Wei Jin

Understanding fine-grained temporal dynamics is crucial for multimodal video comprehension and generation. Due to the lack of fine-grained temporal annotations, existing video benchmarks mostly resemble static image benchmarks and are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Mu Cai , Reuben Tan , Jianrui Zhang , Bocheng Zou , Kai Zhang , Feng Yao , Fangrui Zhu , Jing Gu , Yiwu Zhong , Yuzhang Shang , Yao Dou , Jaden Park , Jianfeng Gao , Yong Jae Lee , Jianwei Yang

The automatic generation of representative natural language descriptions for observable patterns in time series data enhances interpretability, simplifies analysis and increases cross-domain utility of temporal data. While pre-trained…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-06 Mohamed Trabelsi , Aidan Boyd , Jin Cao , Huseyin Uzunalioglu

Understanding the relationship between textual news and time-series evolution is a critical yet under-explored challenge in applied data science. While multimodal learning has gained traction, existing multimodal time-series datasets fall…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Jialin Chen , Aosong Feng , Ziyu Zhao , Juan Garza , Gaukhar Nurbek , Cheng Qin , Ali Maatouk , Leandros Tassiulas , Yifeng Gao , Rex Ying

We introduce ReXTime, a benchmark designed to rigorously test AI models' ability to perform temporal reasoning within video events. Specifically, ReXTime focuses on reasoning across time, i.e. human-like understanding when the question and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Jr-Jen Chen , Yu-Chien Liao , Hsi-Che Lin , Yu-Chu Yu , Yen-Chun Chen , Yu-Chiang Frank Wang

Grasping the concept of time is a fundamental facet of human cognition, indispensable for truly comprehending the intricacies of the world. Previous studies typically focus on specific aspects of time, lacking a comprehensive temporal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-01 Zheng Chu , Jingchang Chen , Qianglong Chen , Weijiang Yu , Haotian Wang , Ming Liu , Bing Qin

Time series are ubiquitous in real-world scenarios and crucial for applications ranging from energy management to traffic control. Consequently, the ability to reason over time series is a fundamental skill for generalist models to solve…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Fangxu Yu , Xingang Guo , Lingzhi Yuan , Haoqiang Kang , Hongyu Zhao , Lianhui Qin , Furong Huang , Bin Hu , Tianyi Zhou

Understanding context is key to understanding human language, an ability which Large Language Models (LLMs) have been increasingly seen to demonstrate to an impressive extent. However, though the evaluation of LLMs encompasses various…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-02 Yilun Zhu , Joel Ruben Antony Moniz , Shruti Bhargava , Jiarui Lu , Dhivya Piraviperumal , Site Li , Yuan Zhang , Hong Yu , Bo-Hsiang Tseng

Understanding time series is crucial for its application in real-world scenarios. Recently, large language models (LLMs) have been increasingly applied to time series tasks, leveraging their strong language capabilities to enhance various…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Zhe Xie , Zeyan Li , Xiao He , Longlong Xu , Xidao Wen , Tieying Zhang , Jianjun Chen , Rui Shi , Dan Pei
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