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Temporal reasoning is pivotal for Large Language Models (LLMs) to comprehend the real world. However, existing works neglect the real-world challenges for temporal reasoning: (1) intensive temporal information, (2) fast-changing event…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Shaohang Wei , Wei Li , Feifan Song , Wen Luo , Tianyi Zhuang , Haochen Tan , Zhijiang Guo , Houfeng Wang

The scientific reasoning ability of large language models (LLMs) has recently attracted significant attention. Time series, as a fundamental modality in scientific data, presents unique challenges that are often overlooked in current…

Generating video stories from text prompts is a complex task. In addition to having high visual quality, videos need to realistically adhere to a sequence of text prompts whilst being consistent throughout the frames. Creating a benchmark…

Reasoning-oriented language models typically expose explicit reasoning as a long, front-loaded chain of "thinking" tokens before the main output, either always enabled or externally toggled at inference time. Although this can help on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Susmit Das

Dense video captioning is an extremely challenging task since accurate and coherent description of events in a video requires holistic understanding of video contents as well as contextual reasoning of individual events. Most existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-04-09 Jonghwan Mun , Linjie Yang , Zhou Ren , Ning Xu , Bohyung Han

Image captioning involves generating textual descriptions from input images, bridging the gap between computer vision and natural language processing. Recent advancements in transformer-based models have significantly improved caption…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Israa A. Albadarneh , Bassam H. Hammo , Omar S. Al-Kadi

Time series forecasting is critical across finance, healthcare, and cloud computing, yet progress is constrained by a fundamental bottleneck: the scarcity of large-scale, high-quality benchmarks. To address this gap, we introduce…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Siqiao Xue , Zhaoyang Zhu , Wei Zhang , Rongyao Cai , Rui Wang , Yixiang Mu , Fan Zhou , Jianguo Li , Peng Di , Hang Yu

It is unclear whether strong forecasting performance reflects genuine temporal understanding or the ability to reason under contextual and event-driven conditions. We introduce TemporalBench, a multi-domain benchmark designed to evaluate…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Muyan Weng , Defu Cao , Wei Yang , Yashaswi Sharma , Yan Liu

Video understanding, including video captioning and retrieval, is still a great challenge for video-language models (VLMs). The existing video retrieval and caption benchmarks only include short descriptions, limits their ability of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Yifan Xu , Xinhao Li , Yichun Yang , Desen Meng , Rui Huang , Limin Wang

Time series foundation models (TSFMs) are revolutionizing the forecasting landscape from specific dataset modeling to generalizable task evaluation. However, we contend that existing benchmarks exhibit common limitations in four dimensions:…

The analysis, processing, and extraction of meaningful information from sounds all around us is the subject of the broader area of audio analytics. Audio captioning is a recent addition to the domain of audio analytics, a cross-modal…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-05-04 Sandeep Kothinti , Dimitra Emmanouilidou

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly excelling and outpacing human performance on many tasks. However, to improve LLM reasoning, researchers either rely on ad-hoc generated datasets or formal mathematical proof systems such as the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Nikolaus Holzer , William Fishell , Baishakhi Ray , Mark Santolucito

While many advances in time series models focus exclusively on numerical data, research on multimodal time series, particularly those involving contextual textual information, remains in its infancy. With recent progress in large language…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Zihao Li , Xiao Lin , Zhining Liu , Jiaru Zou , Ziwei Wu , Lecheng Zheng , Dongqi Fu , Yada Zhu , Hendrik Hamann , Hanghang Tong , Jingrui He

Current language models (LMs) excel at reasoning over prompts using pre-trained knowledge. However, real-world tasks are far more complex and context-dependent: models must learn from task-specific context and leverage new knowledge beyond…

Visual captioning benchmarks have become outdated with the emergence of modern multimodal large language models (MLLMs), as the brief ground-truth sentences and traditional metrics fail to assess detailed captions effectively. While recent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Zhihang Liu , Chen-Wei Xie , Bin Wen , Feiwu Yu , Jixuan Chen , Pandeng Li , Boqiang Zhang , Nianzu Yang , Yinglu Li , Zuan Gao , Yun Zheng , Hongtao Xie

Image captioning requires numerous annotated image-text pairs, resulting in substantial annotation costs. Recently, large models (e.g. diffusion models and large language models) have excelled in producing high-quality images and text. This…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-20 Feipeng Ma , Yizhou Zhou , Fengyun Rao , Yueyi Zhang , Xiaoyan Sun

While there have been significant gains in the field of automated video description, the generalization performance of automated description models to novel domains remains a major barrier to using these systems in the real world. Most…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-01-16 David M. Chan , Austin Myers , Sudheendra Vijayanarasimhan , David A. Ross , Bryan Seybold , John F. Canny

Story visualization aims to generate coherent image sequences that faithfully represent a narrative and match given character references. Despite progress in generative models, existing benchmarks remain narrow in scope, often limited to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Cailin Zhuang , Ailin Huang , Yaoqi Hu , Jingwei Wu , Wei Cheng , Jiaqi Liao , Hongyuan Wang , Xinyao Liao , Weiwei Cai , Hengyuan Xu , Xuanyang Zhang , Xianfang Zeng , Zhewei Huang , Gang Yu , Chi Zhang

Foundation models have transformed natural language processing and computer vision, and a rapidly growing literature on time-series foundation models (TSFMs) seeks to replicate this success in forecasting. While recent open-source models…

In recent years, with the rapid development of the depth and breadth of large language models' capabilities, various corresponding evaluation benchmarks have been emerging in increasing numbers. As a quantitative assessment tool for model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Shiwen Ni , Guhong Chen , Shuaimin Li , Xuanang Chen , Siyi Li , Bingli Wang , Qiyao Wang , Xingjian Wang , Yifan Zhang , Liyang Fan , Chengming Li , Ruifeng Xu , Le Sun , Min Yang