Related papers: There is no prime functional digraph: Seifert's pr…
Let $\Gamma$ be a finite graph, and for each vertex $i$ let $G_i$ be a finitely presented group. Let $G$ be the graph product of the $G_i$. That is, $G$ is the group obtained from the free product of the $G_i$ by factoring out by the…
Currently there is no known efficient formula for primes. Besides that, prime numbers have great importance in e.g., information technology such as public-key cryptography, and their position and possible or impossible functional generation…
A digraph is semicomplete if any two vertices are connected by at least one arc and is locally semicomplete if the out-neighbourhood and the in-neighbourhood of any vertex induce a semicomplete digraph. In this paper we study various…
The Reeb graph of a smooth function is a graph being a natural quotient space of the manifold of the domain and the space of all connected components of preimages. Such a combinatorial and topological object roughly and compactly represents…
A digraph $D$ is an efficient closed domination digraph if there exists a subset $S$ of $V(D)$ for which the closed out-neighborhoods centered in vertices of $S$ form a partition of $V(D)$. In this work we deal with efficient closed…
This paper is the continuation of the research of the author and his colleagues of the {\it canonical} decomposition of graphs. The idea of the canonical decomposition is to define the binary operation on the set of graphs and to represent…
Let $f\colon\mathbb{N}\rightarrow\mathbb{N}_0$ be a multiplicative arithmetic function such that for all primes $p$ and positive integers $\alpha$, $f(p^{\alpha})<p^{\alpha}$ and $f(p)\vert f(p^{\alpha})$. Suppose also that any prime that…
In this paper, we introduce and investigate a class P of continuous and periodic functions on R. The class P is defined so that second-order central differences of a function satisfy some concavity-type estimate. Although this definition…
An \emph{out-tree (in-tree)} is an oriented tree where every vertex except one, called the \emph{root}, has in-degree (out-degree) one. An \emph{out-branching $B^+_u$ (in-branching $B^-_u$)} of a digraph $D$ is a spanning out-tree (in-tree)…
The divisor graph is the non oriented graph whose vertices are the positive integers, and edges are the {a,b} such that a divides b or b divides a. Let F(x,y) be the maximum number of integers<= x belonging in one of y pairwise disjoint…
The Gruenberg-Kegel graph (or the prime graph) $\Gamma(G)$ of a finite group $G$ is the graph whose vertex set is the set of prime divisors of $|G|$ and in which two distinct vertices $r$ and $s$ are adjacent if and only if there exists an…
A Hilbert basis is a set of vectors X such that the integer cone (semigroup) generated by X is the intersection of the lattice generated by X with the cone generated by X. Define a graph to be (cut) Hilbert if its set of cuts forms a…
A graph $G$ is said to be a `set graph' if it admits an acyclic orientation that is also `extensional', in the sense that the out-neighborhoods of its vertices are pairwise distinct. Equivalently, a set graph is the underlying graph of the…
A graph $G$ is defined encapsulating the number theoretic notion of the Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic. We then provide a graph theoretic approach to the fundamental results on the coprimality of two natural numbers, through the use of…
The prime-coprime graph $\Theta(G)$ of a finite group $G$ is the simple graph with vertex set $G$, where two distinct elements are adjacent whenever the greatest common divisor of their orders is either $1$ or a prime. We characterize all…
The problem of when a given digraph contains a subdivision of a fixed digraph $F$ is considered. Bang-Jensen et al. laid out foundations for approaching this problem from the algorithmic point of view. In this paper we give further support…
A rational function on a real algebraic curve $C$ is called separating if it takes real values only at real points. Such a function defines a covering $\mathbb R C\to\mathbb{RP}^1$. Let $c_1,\dots,c_r$ be connected components of $\mathbb R…
The theory of graphons has proven to be a powerful tool in many areas of graph theory. In this paper, we introduce several foundational aspects of the theory of digraphons -- asymmetric two-variable functions that arise as limits of…
Erd\H{o}s considered the second moment of the gap-counting function of prime divisors in 1946 and proved an upper bound that is not of the right order of magnitude. We prove asymptotics for all moments. Furthermore, we prove a…
Multiplicative arithmetic functions satisfying the parallelogram functional equation on prime numbers are investigated. It is derived that the unique solution is a quadratic function by the Goldbach's conjecture.