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Reward modeling is essential for aligning large language models with human preferences through reinforcement learning. To provide accurate reward signals, a reward model (RM) should stimulate deep thinking and conduct interpretable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Xiusi Chen , Gaotang Li , Ziqi Wang , Bowen Jin , Cheng Qian , Yu Wang , Hongru Wang , Yu Zhang , Denghui Zhang , Tong Zhang , Hanghang Tong , Heng Ji

Recent advances in speech language models, such as GPT-4o Voice Mode and Gemini Live, have demonstrated promising speech generation capabilities. Nevertheless, the aesthetic naturalness of the synthesized audio still lags behind that of…

Speech enhancement aims to improve the quality of speech signals in terms of quality and intelligibility, and speech editing refers to the process of editing the speech according to specific user needs. In this paper, we propose a Unified…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Muqiao Yang , Chunlei Zhang , Yong Xu , Zhongweiyang Xu , Heming Wang , Bhiksha Raj , Dong Yu

Recent advances in generative video models are increasingly driven by post-training and test-time scaling, both of which critically depend on the quality of video reward models (RMs). An ideal reward model should predict accurate rewards…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Yuan Wang , Ouxiang Li , Yulong Xu , Borui Liao , Jiajun Liang , Jinghan Li , Meng Wang , Xintao Wang , Pengfei Wan , Kuien Liu , Xiang Wang

Reward modeling in large language models is susceptible to reward hacking, causing models to latch onto superficial features such as the tendency to generate lists or unnecessarily long responses. In reinforcement learning from human…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Taneesh Gupta , Shivam Shandilya , Xuchao Zhang , Rahul Madhavan , Supriyo Ghosh , Chetan Bansal , Huaxiu Yao , Saravan Rajmohan

Controllable generative sequence models with the capability to extract and replicate the style of specific examples enable many applications, including narrating audiobooks in different voices, auto-completing and auto-correcting written…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-04 Jen-Hao Rick Chang , Ashish Shrivastava , Hema Swetha Koppula , Xiaoshuai Zhang , Oncel Tuzel

In this paper, we introduce Reward-RAG, a novel approach designed to enhance the Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) model through Reward-Driven Supervision. Unlike previous RAG methodologies, which focus on training language models (LMs)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Thang Nguyen , Peter Chin , Yu-Wing Tai

We explore the methodology and theory of reward-directed generation via conditional diffusion models. Directed generation aims to generate samples with desired properties as measured by a reward function, which has broad applications in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-17 Hui Yuan , Kaixuan Huang , Chengzhuo Ni , Minshuo Chen , Mengdi Wang

Controlled text generation tasks such as unsupervised text style transfer have increasingly adopted the use of Reinforcement Learning (RL). A major challenge in applying RL to such tasks is the sparse reward, which is available only after…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-19 Bhargav Upadhyay , Akhilesh Sudhakar , Arjun Maheswaran

Text-to-speech models trained on large-scale datasets have demonstrated impressive in-context learning capabilities and naturalness. However, control of speaker identity and style in these models typically requires conditioning on reference…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-02-08 Dan Lyth , Simon King

The problem of audio-to-text alignment has seen significant amount of research using complete supervision during training. However, this is typically not in the context of long audio recordings wherein the text being queried does not appear…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Piyush Singh Pasi , Karthikeya Battepati , Preethi Jyothi , Ganesh Ramakrishnan , Tanmay Mahapatra , Manoj Singh

Language model alignment is a critical step in training modern generative language models. Alignment targets to improve win rate of a sample from the aligned model against the base model. Today, we are increasingly using inference-time…

In this work, we build upon our previous publication and use diffusion-based generative models for speech enhancement. We present a detailed overview of the diffusion process that is based on a stochastic differential equation and delve…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-14 Julius Richter , Simon Welker , Jean-Marie Lemercier , Bunlong Lay , Timo Gerkmann

In this work, we focus on the alignment problem of diffusion models with a continuous reward function, which represents specific objectives for downstream tasks, such as increasing darkness or improving the aesthetics of images. The central…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Zhiwei Tang , Jiangweizhi Peng , Jiasheng Tang , Mingyi Hong , Fan Wang , Tsung-Hui Chang

Reinforcement learning (RL) has recently emerged as a promising approach for aligning text-to-image generative models with human preferences. A key challenge, however, lies in designing effective and interpretable rewards. Existing methods…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Xuelu Feng , Yunsheng Li , Ziyu Wan , Zixuan Gao , Junsong Yuan , Dongdong Chen , Chunming Qiao

Attribution scores indicate the importance of different input parts and can, thus, explain model behaviour. Currently, prompt-based models are gaining popularity, i.a., due to their easier adaptability in low-resource settings. However, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-11 Wei Zhou , Heike Adel , Hendrik Schuff , Ngoc Thang Vu

Reward modeling is crucial for aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences, especially in reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF). However, current reward models mainly produce scalar scores and struggle to…

Human auditory perception is shaped by moving sound sources in 3D space, yet prior work in generative sound modelling has largely been restricted to mono signals or static spatial audio. In this work, we introduce a framework for generating…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Yunyi Liu , Shaofan Yang , Kai Li , Xu Li

Generating sound effects that humans want is an important topic. However, there are few studies in this area for sound generation. In this study, we investigate generating sound conditioned on a text prompt and propose a novel text-to-sound…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-05-01 Dongchao Yang , Jianwei Yu , Helin Wang , Wen Wang , Chao Weng , Yuexian Zou , Dong Yu

Training reliable tool-augmented agents remains a significant challenge, largely due to the difficulty of credit assignment in multi-step reasoning. While process-level reward models offer a promising direction, existing LLM-based judges…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Yuxuan Jiang , Francis Ferraro
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