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Many generative tasks in chemistry and science involve distributions invariant to group symmetries (e.g., permutation and rotation). A common strategy enforces invariance and equivariance through architectural constraints such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Cai Zhou , Zijie Chen , Zian Li , Jike Wang , Kaiyi Jiang , Pan Li , Rose Yu , Muhan Zhang , Stephen Bates , Tommi Jaakkola

Predicting molecular conformations from molecular graphs is a fundamental problem in cheminformatics and drug discovery. Recently, significant progress has been achieved with machine learning approaches, especially with deep generative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-16 Minkai Xu , Lantao Yu , Yang Song , Chence Shi , Stefano Ermon , Jian Tang

Generative modeling within constrained sets is essential for scientific and engineering applications involving physical, geometric, or safety requirements (e.g., molecular generation, robotics). We present a unified framework for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Kijung Jeon , Michael Muehlebach , Molei Tao

Geometric diffusion models have shown remarkable success in molecular dynamics and structure generation. However, efficiently fine-tuning them for downstream tasks with varying geometric controls remains underexplored. In this work, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Wanjia Zhao , Jiaqi Han , Siyi Gu , Mingjian Jiang , James Zou , Stefano Ermon

Diffusion models show promise for 3D molecular generation, but face a fundamental trade-off between sampling efficiency and conformational accuracy. While flow-based models are fast, they often produce geometrically inaccurate structures,…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2025-12-05 Peining Zhang , Jinbo Bi , Minghu Song

Methods for jointly generating molecular graphs along with their 3D conformations have gained prominence recently due to their potential impact on structure-based drug design. Current approaches, however, often suffer from very slow…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Ross Irwin , Alessandro Tibo , Jon Paul Janet , Simon Olsson

The Gaussian diffusion model, initially designed for image generation, has recently been adapted for 3D point cloud generation. However, these adaptations have not fully considered the intrinsic geometric characteristics of 3D shapes,…

Graphics · Computer Science 2024-08-01 Dengsheng Chen , Jie Hu , Xiaoming Wei , Enhua Wu

Diffusion models are the standard toolkit for generative modelling of 3D atomic systems. However, for different types of atomic systems -- such as molecules and materials -- the generative processes are usually highly specific to the target…

Equivariant diffusion models have emerged as the prevailing approach for generating novel crystal materials due to their ability to leverage the physical symmetries of periodic material structures. However, current models do not effectively…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Kishalay Das , Subhojyoti Khastagir , Pawan Goyal , Seung-Cheol Lee , Satadeep Bhattacharjee , Niloy Ganguly

Diffusion models have achieved impressive performance on multi-focus image fusion (MFIF). However, a key challenge in applying diffusion models to the ill-posed MFIF problem is that defocus blur can make common symmetric geometric…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Bo Li , Tingting Bao , Lingling Zhang , Weiping Fu , Yaxian Wang , Jun Liu

Generative models have shown great promise in generating 3D geometric systems, which is a fundamental problem in many natural science domains such as molecule and protein design. However, existing approaches only operate on static…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Jiaqi Han , Minkai Xu , Aaron Lou , Haotian Ye , Stefano Ermon

Diffusion models have emerged as a powerful class of generative models for molecular design, capable of capturing complex structural distributions and achieving high fidelity in 3D molecule generation. However, their widespread use remains…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Adrita Das , Peiran Jiang , Dantong Zhu , Barnabas Poczos , Jose Lugo-Martinez

We introduce a new framework for molecular graph generation with 3D molecular generative models. Our Synthetic Coordinate Embedding (SyCo) framework maps molecular graphs to Euclidean point clouds via synthetic conformer coordinates and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Mohamed Amine Ketata , Nicholas Gao , Johanna Sommer , Tom Wollschläger , Stephan Günnemann

Graph-structured data jointly contain discrete topology and continuous geometry, which poses fundamental challenges for generative modeling due to heterogeneous distributions, incompatible noise dynamics, and the need for equivariant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Rongjian Xu , Teng Pang , Zhiqiang Dong , Guoqiang Wu

Molecular structure elucidation from spectra is a fundamental challenge in molecular science. Conventional approaches rely heavily on expert interpretation and lack scalability, while retrieval-based machine learning approaches remain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Liang Wang , Yu Rong , Tingyang Xu , Zhenyi Zhong , Zhiyuan Liu , Pengju Wang , Deli Zhao , Qiang Liu , Shu Wu , Liang Wang , Yang Zhang

Generating molecular structures with desired properties is a critical task with broad applications in drug discovery and materials design. We propose 3M-Diffusion, a novel multi-modal molecular graph generation method, to generate diverse,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Huaisheng Zhu , Teng Xiao , Vasant G Honavar

Shape-based virtual screening is widely employed in ligand-based drug design to search chemical libraries for molecules with similar 3D shapes yet novel 2D chemical structures compared to known ligands. 3D deep generative models have the…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2022-10-12 Keir Adams , Connor W. Coley

In recent years, AI-assisted drug design methods have been proposed to generate molecules given the pockets' structures of target proteins. Most of them are atom-level-based methods, which consider atoms as basic components and generate…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-03-19 Haitao Lin , Yufei Huang , Odin Zhang , Lirong Wu , Siyuan Li , Zhiyuan Chen , Stan Z. Li

Deep generative models have recently achieved superior performance in 3D molecule generation. Most of them first generate atoms and then add chemical bonds based on the generated atoms in a post-processing manner. However, there might be no…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2023-05-15 Xingang Peng , Jiaqi Guan , Qiang Liu , Jianzhu Ma

Diffusion generative models have emerged as a powerful framework for addressing problems in structural biology and structure-based drug design. These models operate directly on 3D molecular structures. Due to the unfavorable scaling of…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-05-10 Ian Dunn , David Ryan Koes