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This work provides closed-form solutions and minimum achievable errors for a large class of low-rank approximation problems in Hilbert spaces. The proposed theorem generalizes to the case of bounded linear operators the previous results…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-01-09 Patrick Heas , Cedric Herzet

We generalize the classical universal approximation theorem for neural networks to the case of complex-valued neural networks. Precisely, we consider feedforward networks with a complex activation function $\sigma : \mathbb{C} \to…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2022-12-13 Felix Voigtlaender

Operator learning is a recent development in the simulation of Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) by means of neural networks. The idea behind this approach is to learn the behavior of an operator, such that the resulting neural network…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-01-15 Ahmed Abdeljawad , Thomas Dittrich

Rational and neural network based approximations are efficient tools in modern approximation. These approaches are able to produce accurate approximations to nonsmooth and non-Lipschitz functions, including multivariate domain functions. In…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-09-08 Vinesha Peiris , Reinier Diaz Millan , Nadezda Sukhorukova , Julien Ugon

We revisit the mean field parametrization of shallow neural networks, using signed measures on unbounded parameter spaces and duality pairings that take into account the regularity and growth of activation functions. This setting directly…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2025-12-17 Francesca Bartolucci , Marcello Carioni , José A. Iglesias , Yury Korolev , Emanuele Naldi , Stefano Vigogna

We develop a rigorous framework for extending neural operators to handle out-of-distribution input functions. We leverage kernel approximation techniques and provide theory for characterizing the input-output function spaces in terms of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Blaine Quackenbush , Paul J. Atzberger

Neural operator architectures employ neural networks to approximate operators mapping between Banach spaces of functions; they may be used to accelerate model evaluations via emulation, or to discover models from data. Consequently, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Samuel Lanthaler , Andrew M. Stuart

Motivated by some recent results, but also referring to recognized classics, we compute the essential norm and the weak essential norm of multiplication operators acting between two distinct K{\" o}the spaces both defined over the same…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2024-03-05 Tomasz Kiwerski , Jakub Tomaszewski

It is well known that iterates of quasi-compact operators converge towards a spectral projection, whereas the explicit construction of the limiting operator is in general hard to obtain. Here, we show a simple method to explicitly construct…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2017-06-05 Johannes Nagler

Learning operators between infinitely dimensional spaces is an important learning task arising in wide applications in machine learning, imaging science, mathematical modeling and simulations, etc. This paper studies the nonparametric…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-01-04 Hao Liu , Haizhao Yang , Minshuo Chen , Tuo Zhao , Wenjing Liao

The main purpose of this paper is to determine the approximations of Durrmeyer modification of Szasz-Mirakjan operators, defined by Mishra et al. (Boll. Unione Mat. Ital. (2016) 8(4):297-305). We estimate the order of approximation of the…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2020-02-14 Rishikesh Yadav , Ramakanta Meher , Vishnu Narayan Mishra

In this paper, we develop a comprehensive weighted theory for a class of Banach-valued multilinear bounded oscillation operators on measure spaces, which merges multilinear Calder\'{o}n-Zygmund operators with a quantity of operators beyond…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2024-03-26 Mingming Cao , Gonzalo Ibañez-Firnkorn , Israel P. Rivera-Ríos , Qingying Xue , Kôzô Yabuta

The approximation of complex-valued functions is of fundamental importance as it generalizes classical approximation theory to the complex domain, providing a rigorous framework for amplitude and phase-dependent phenomena. In this paper, we…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-11-05 Priyanka Majethiya , Shivam Bajpeyi

We prove Carl's type inequalities for the error of approximation of compact sets K by deep and shallow neural networks. This in turn gives lower bounds on how well we can approximate the functions in K when requiring the approximants to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-12-06 Guergana Petrova , Przemysław Wojtaszczyk

A well-known result going back to the 1930s states that all bounded linear operators mapping scalar-valued $L^1$-spaces into $L^\infty$-spaces are kernel operators and that in fact this relation induces an isometric isomorphism between the…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2011-04-28 Delio Mugnolo , Robin Nittka

The article examines Nikolskii and Besov spaces with norms defined using "$L_p$-averaged" mixed moduli of continuity of functions of appropriate orders, instead of mixed moduli of continuity of known orders for certain mixed derivative…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2019-02-28 S. N. Kudryavtsev

In this study, we explore the impact of network topology on the approximation capabilities of artificial neural networks (ANNs), with a particular focus on complex topologies. We propose a novel methodology for constructing complex ANNs…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Tommaso Boccato , Matteo Ferrante , Andrea Duggento , Nicola Toschi

Motivated by the developing mathematics of deep learning, we build universal functions approximators of continuous maps between arbitrary Polish metric spaces $\mathcal{X}$ and $\mathcal{Y}$ using elementary functions between Euclidean…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-25 Anastasis Kratsios , Chong Liu , Matti Lassas , Maarten V. de Hoop , Ivan Dokmanić

Characterizing the function spaces defined by neural networks helps understanding the corresponding learning models and their inductive bias. While in some limits neural networks correspond to function spaces that are Hilbert spaces, these…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-08-22 Francesca Bartolucci , Ernesto De Vito , Lorenzo Rosasco , Stefano Vigogna

The present article deals with the local approximation results by means of Lipschitz maximal function, Ditzian-Totik modulus of smoothness and Lipschitz type space having two parameters for the summation-integral type operators defined by…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2019-12-11 Rishikesh Yadav , Ramakanta Meher , Vishnu Narayan Mishra