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Autoregressive language models are constrained by their inherently sequential nature, generating one token at a time. This paradigm limits inference speed and parallelism, especially during later stages of generation when the direction and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Mohammad Samragh , Arnav Kundu , David Harrison , Kumari Nishu , Devang Naik , Minsik Cho , Mehrdad Farajtabar

Large language models (LLMs) suffer from high inference latency due to the auto-regressive decoding process. Speculative decoding accelerates inference by generating multiple draft tokens using a lightweight model and verifying them in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Yixuan Wang , Yijun Liu , Shiyu ji , Yuzhuang Xu , Yang Xu , Qingfu Zhu , Wanxiang Che

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) suffer from severe training inefficiency issue, which is associated with their massive model sizes and visual token numbers. Existing efforts in efficient training focus on reducing model sizes or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Dingkun Zhang , Shuhan Qi , Yulin Wu , Xinyu Xiao , Xuan Wang , Long Chen

Vision-language Models (VLMs) have made significant strides in visual understanding and query response generation, but often face challenges of high computational cost and inference latency due to autoregressive decoding. In this work, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Divya Jyoti Bajpai , Manjesh Kumar Hanawal

Current soft prompt methods yield limited performance when applied to small-sized models (fewer than a billion parameters). Deep prompt-tuning, which entails prepending parameters in each layer for enhanced efficacy, presents a solution for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Mingqi Li , Feng Luo

Answering multi-hop reasoning questions requires retrieving and synthesizing information from diverse sources. Language models (LMs) struggle to perform such reasoning consistently. We propose an approach to pinpoint and rectify multi-hop…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-11 Mansi Sakarvadia

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated exceptional success in various multimodal tasks, yet their deployment is frequently limited by substantial computational demands and prolonged inference times. Given that the vision…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Zihui Zhao , Yingxin Li , Yang Li

Large language models such as GPT and Llama are trained with a next-token prediction loss. In this work, we suggest that training language models to predict multiple future tokens at once results in higher sample efficiency. More…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Athul Radhakrishnan , Siddhant Mohan , Mahima Sachdeva

Large language models (LLMs) have shown limitations in tasks requiring complex logical reasoning and multi-step problem-solving. To address these challenges, researchers have employed carefully designed prompts and flowcharts, simulating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Changcheng Li , Xiangyu Wang , Qiuju Chen , Xiren Zhou , Huanhuan Chen

Generative Large Language Models (LLMs) based on the Transformer architecture have recently emerged as a dominant foundation model for a wide range of Natural Language Processing tasks. Nevertheless, their application in real-time scenarios…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-04 Coleman Hooper , Sehoon Kim , Hiva Mohammadzadeh , Hasan Genc , Kurt Keutzer , Amir Gholami , Sophia Shao

Optimizing training performance in large language models (LLMs) remains an essential challenge, particularly in improving model performance while maintaining computational costs. This work challenges the conventional approach of training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Chun-Hao Yang , Bo-Han Feng , Tzu-Yuan Lai , Yan Yu Chen , Yin-Kai Dean Huang , Shou-De Lin

Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized the field of AI, demonstrating unprecedented capacity across various tasks. However, the inference process for LLMs comes with significant computational costs. In this paper, we propose an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Zangwei Zheng , Xiaozhe Ren , Fuzhao Xue , Yang Luo , Xin Jiang , Yang You

Recent perception-generalist approaches based on language models have achieved state-of-the-art results across diverse tasks, including 3D scene layout estimation and 3D object detection, via unified architecture and interface. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Ruihong Yin , Xuepeng Shi , Oleksandr Bailo , Marco Manfredi , Theo Gevers

With the booming of Large Language Models (LLMs), prompt-learning has become a promising method mainly researched in various research areas. Recently, many attempts based on prompt-learning have been made to improve the performance of text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Chun Liu , Hongguang Zhang , Kainan Zhao , Xinghai Ju , Lin Yang

Although Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated promising versatile capabilities, their performance is still inferior to specialized models on downstream tasks, which makes adaptation necessary to enhance their utility.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Yichi Zhang , Yinpeng Dong , Siyuan Zhang , Tianzan Min , Hang Su , Jun Zhu

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have shown immense promise in universal multimodal retrieval, which aims to find relevant items of various modalities for a given query. But their practical application is often hindered by the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Qi Li , Yanzhe Zhao , Yongxin Zhou , Yameng Wang , Yandong Yang , Yuanjia Zhou , Jue Wang , Zuojian Wang , Jinxiang Liu

Inducing latent tree structures from sequential data is an emerging trend in the NLP research landscape today, largely popularized by recent methods such as Gumbel LSTM and Ordered Neurons (ON-LSTM). This paper proposes FASTTREES, a new…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-30 Bill Tuck Weng Pung , Alvin Chan

This paper introduces Multimodal Speculative Decoding (MSD) to accelerate Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) inference. Speculative decoding has been shown to accelerate Large Language Models (LLMs) without sacrificing accuracy.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Luxi Lin , Zhihang Lin , Zhanpeng Zeng , Rongrong Ji

The static ``train then deploy" paradigm fundamentally limits Large Language Models (LLMs) from dynamically adapting their weights in response to continuous streams of new information inherent in real-world tasks. Test-Time Training (TTT)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Guhao Feng , Shengjie Luo , Kai Hua , Ge Zhang , Di He , Wenhao Huang , Tianle Cai

We propose integrally pre-trained transformer pyramid network (iTPN), towards jointly optimizing the network backbone and the neck, so that transfer gap between representation models and downstream tasks is minimal. iTPN is born with two…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-08 Yunjie Tian , Lingxi Xie , Jihao Qiu , Jianbin Jiao , Yaowei Wang , Qi Tian , Qixiang Ye