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A chiplet is an integrated circuit that encompasses a well-defined subset of an overall system's functionality. In contrast to traditional monolithic system-on-chips (SoCs), chiplet-based architecture can reduce costs and increase…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Shixin Chen , Shanyi Li , Zhen Zhuang , Su Zheng , Zheng Liang , Tsung-Yi Ho , Bei Yu , Alberto L. Sangiovanni-Vincentelli

Modern Artificial Intelligence (AI) workloads demand computing systems with large silicon area to sustain throughput and competitive performance. However, prohibitive manufacturing costs and yield limitations at advanced tech nodes and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Kaniz Mishty , Mehdi Sadi

The evolution of quantization and mixed-precision techniques has unlocked new possibilities for enhancing the speed and energy efficiency of NNs. Several recent studies indicate that adapting precision levels across different parameters can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Giorgos Armeniakos , Alexis Maras , Sotirios Xydis , Dimitrios Soudris

Next-generation mixed-criticality Systems-on-chip (SoCs) for robotics, automotive, and space must execute mixed-criticality AI-enhanced sensor processing and control workloads, ensuring reliable and time-predictable execution of critical…

Large language models (LLMs) such as OpenAI's ChatGPT and Google's Gemini have demonstrated unprecedented capabilities of autoregressive AI models across multiple tasks triggering disruptive technology innovations around the world. However,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-05-22 Huwan Peng , Scott Davidson , Richard Shi , Shuaiwen Leon Song , Michael Taylor

Edge-AI computing requires high energy efficiency, low power consumption, and relatively high flexibility and compact area, challenging the AI-chip design. This work presents a 0.96 pJ/SOP heterogeneous neuromorphic system-on-chip (SoC)…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-06-04 P. J. Zhou , Q. Yu , M. Chen , Y. C. Wang , L. W. Meng , Y. Zuo , N. Ning , Y. Liu , S. G. Hu , G. C. Qiao

The widespread diffusion of compute-intensive edge-AI workloads and the stringent demands of modern autonomous systems require advanced heterogeneous embedded architectures. Such architectures must support high-performance and reliable…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Enrico Zelioli , Alessandro Ottaviano , Robert Balas , Nils Wistoff , Angelo Garofalo , Luca Benini

Due to reduced manufacturing yields, traditional monolithic chips cannot keep up with the compute, memory, and communication demands of data-intensive applications, such as rapidly growing deep neural network (DNN) models. Chiplet-based…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Lukas Pfromm , Alish Kanani , Harsh Sharma , Janardhan Rao Doppa , Partha Pratim Pande , Umit Y. Ogras

Fast-evolving artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms such as large language models have been driving the ever-increasing computing demands in today's data centers. Heterogeneous computing with domain-specific architectures (DSAs) brings…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-03-06 Zhuoping Yang , Shixin Ji , Xingzhen Chen , Jinming Zhuang , Weifeng Zhang , Dharmesh Jani , Peipei Zhou

The proliferation of large language models (LLMs) is accelerating the integration of multimodal assistants into edge devices, where inference is executed under stringent latency and energy constraints, often exacerbated by intermittent…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Yanru Chen , Runyang Tian , Yue Pan , Zheyu Li , Weihong Xu , Tajana Rosing

The emergence of a new, open, and free instruction set architecture, RISC-V, has heralded a new era in microprocessor architectures. Starting with low-power, low-performance prototypes, the RISC-V community has a good chance of moving…

Performance · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Valentin Volokitin , Evgeny Kozinov , Valentina Kustikova , Alexey Liniov , Iosif Meyerov

On the advent of the slow death of Moore's law, the silicon industry is moving towards a new era of chiplets. The automotive industry is experiencing a profound transformation towards software-defined vehicles, fueled by the surging demand…

The growing complexity of real-time control algorithms with increasing performance demands, along with the shift to 2.5D technology, drive the need for scalable controllers to manage chiplets' coupled operation in 2.5D systems-in-package.…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Alessandro Ottaviano , Robert Balas , Tim Fischer , Thomas Benz , Andrea Bartolini , Luca Benini

IoT applications are one of the driving forces in making systems energy and power-efficient, given their resource constraints. However, because of security, latency, and transmission, we advocate for local computing through multi-processor…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-06-27 Anderson I. Silva , Altamiro Susin , Fernanda L. Kastensmidt , Antonio Carlos S. Beck , Jose Rodrigo Azambuja

A surge in artificial intelligence and autonomous technologies have increased the demand toward enhanced edge-processing capabilities. Computational complexity and size of state-of-the-art Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are rising…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-05-12 Rawan Naous , Lazar Supic , Yoonhwan Kang , Ranko Sredojevic , Anish Singhani , Vladimir Stojanovic

The emergence of heterogeneity and domain-specific architectures targeting deep learning inference show great potential for enabling the deployment of modern CNNs on resource-constrained embedded platforms. A significant development is the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Dmitri Lyalikov

Systolic arrays and shared-L1-memory manycore clusters are commonly used architectural paradigms that offer different trade-offs to accelerate parallel workloads. While the first excel with regular dataflow at the cost of rigid…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-04-25 Sergio Mazzola , Samuel Riedel , Luca Benini

This work introduces lightweight extensions to the RISC-V ISA to boost the efficiency of heavily Quantized Neural Network (QNN) inference on microcontroller-class cores. By extending the ISA with nibble (4-bit) and crumb (2-bit) SIMD…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-12-01 Angelo Garofalo , Giuseppe Tagliavini , Francesco Conti , Luca Benini , Davide Rossi

Modern AI acceleration faces a fundamental challenge: conventional assumptions about memory requirements, batching effectiveness, and latency-throughput tradeoffs are systemwide generalizations that ignore the heterogeneous computational…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Haoran Jin , Jirong Yang , Yunpeng Liu , Barry Lyu , Kangqi Zhang , Nathaniel Bleier

Enhancing performance while reducing costs is the fundamental design philosophy of integrated circuits (ICs). With advancements in packaging technology, interposer-based chiplet architecture has emerged as a promising solution. Chiplet…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-11-08 Shixin Chen , Hengyuan Zhang , Zichao Ling , Jianwang Zhai , Bei Yu