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The evolution of audiovisual computer interfaces was an important milestone for the popularization of the internet without which it is impossible to conceive the use of this technology in modern society However the progress of these…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Heitor Ferreira Gonzaga

The web is global, but privacy laws differ by country. Which set of privacy rules do websites follow? We empirically study this question by detecting and analyzing cookie notices in an automated way. We crawl 1,500 European, American, and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-10-20 Rob van Eijk , Hadi Asghari , Philipp Winter , Arvind Narayanan

Persuasive designs become prevalent on smartphones, and an increasing number of users report having problematic smartphone use behaviours. Persuasive designs in smartphones might be accountable for the development and reinforcement of such…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-05-24 Xiaowei Chen , Anders Hedman , Verena Distler , Vincent Koenig

Mixed Reality (MR) integrates virtual objects with the real world, offering potential but raising concerns about misuse through dark patterns. This study explored the effects of four dark patterns, adapted from prior research, and applied…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Luca-Maxim Meinhardt , Simon Demharter , Michael Rietzler , Mark Colley , Thomas Eßmeyer , Enrico Rukzio

The advancement of artificial intelligence has transformed user interface design by enabling adaptive and personalized systems. Alongside these benefits, AI driven interfaces have also enabled the emergence of dark patterns, which are…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Daksh Pandey

Dark patterns in mobile apps take advantage of cognitive biases of end-users and can have detrimental effects on people's lives. Despite growing research in identifying remedies for dark patterns and established solutions for desktop…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-02-24 Konrad Kollnig , Siddhartha Datta , Max Van Kleek

Dark patterns in user interfaces represent deceptive design practices intended to manipulate users' behavior, often leading to unintended consequences such as coerced purchases, involuntary data disclosures, or user frustration. Detecting…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Aliyu Umar , Maaruf Lawan , Adamu Lawan , Abdullahi Abdulkadir , Mukhtar Dahiru

We need to rethink our approach to defend privacy on the internet. Currently, policymakers focus heavily on the idea of informed consent as a means to defend privacy. For instance, in many countries the law requires firms to obtain an…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Frederik Zuiderveen Borgesius

Consumers discover their preferences through experience, yet the sequence and composition of those experiences are often designed by firms, digital platforms, or policymakers. We introduce a ``data-design'' framework for preference…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2026-04-17 Sebastiano Della Lena , Alessio Muscillo , Paolo Pin

To protect users' privacy, legislators have regulated the usage of tracking technologies, mandating the acquisition of users' consent before collecting data. Consequently, websites started showing more and more consent management modules --…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-09-14 Nikhil Jha , Martino Trevisan , Luca Vassio , Marco Mellia

The California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) secures the right to Opt-Out for consumers in California. However, websites may implement complex consent mechanisms that potentially do not capture the user's true choices. We investigated the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Torsha Mazumdar , Daniel Timko , Muhammad Lutfor Rahman

Privacy preference signals are digital representations of how users want their personal data to be processed. Such signals must be adopted by both the sender (users) and intended recipients (data processors). Adoption represents a…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-07-15 Maximilian Hils , Daniel W. Woods , Rainer Böhme

Dark patterns, design tricks used on online interfaces to manipulate users decision-making process, have raised public concerns. However, research on regulation of dark pattern remains underdeveloped and scattered, particularly regarding…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Weiwei Yi , Zihao Li

Although deceptive design patterns are subject to growing regulatory oversight, enforcement races to keep up with the scale of the problem. One promising solution is automated detection tools, many of which are developed within academia. We…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Arianna Rossi , Simon Parkin

The intrusiveness and the increasing invasiveness of online advertising have, in the last few years, raised serious concerns regarding user privacy and Web usability. As a reaction to these concerns, we have witnessed the emergence of a…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2016-02-08 Javier Parra-Arnau , Jagdish Prasad Achara , Claude Castelluccia

As a result of the GDPR and the ePrivacy Directive, European users encounter cookie banners on almost every website. Many of such banners are implemented by Consent Management Providers (CMPs), who respect the IAB Europe's Transparency and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-02-24 Célestin Matte , Nataliia Bielova , Cristiana Santos

Cookie paywalls allow visitors to access the content of a website only after making a choice between paying a fee (paying option) or accepting tracking (cookie option). The practice has been studied in previous research in regard to its…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Andreas Stenwreth , Simon Täng , Victor Morel

Deceptive UI designs, widely instantiated across the web and commonly known as dark patterns, manipulate users into performing actions misaligned with their goals. In this paper, we show that dark patterns are highly effective in steering…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Phil Cuvin , Hao Zhu , Diyi Yang

Our online lives generate a wealth of behavioral records -'digital footprints'- which are stored and leveraged by technology platforms. This data can be used to create value for users by personalizing services. At the same time, however, it…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Sofie Goethals , Sandra Matz , Foster Provost , Yanou Ramon , David Martens

While a central goal of HCI has always been to create and develop interfaces that are easy to use, a deeper focus has been set more recently on designing interfaces more ethically. However, the exact meaning and measurement of ethical…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-07-20 Thomas Mildner , Philip Doyle , Gian-Luca Savino , Rainer Malaka