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Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive reasoning capabilities when provided with chain-of-thought exemplars, but curating large reasoning datasets remains laborious and resource-intensive. In this work, we introduce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Sondos Mahmoud Bsharat , Zhiqiang Shen

Recently, scaling test-time compute on Large Language Models (LLM) has garnered wide attention. However, there has been limited investigation of how various reasoning prompting strategies perform as scaling. In this paper, we focus on a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Yexiang Liu , Zekun Li , Zhi Fang , Nan Xu , Ran He , Tieniu Tan

Test-Time Scaling (TTS) improves large language models (LLMs) by allocating additional computation during inference, typically through parallel, sequential, or hybrid scaling. However, prior studies often assume fixed collaboration…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Fali Wang , Jihai Chen , Shuhua Yang , Runxue Bao , Tianxiang Zhao , Zhiwei Zhang , Xianfeng Tang , Hui Liu , Qi He , Suhang Wang

Test-Time Scaling (TTS) improves the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) by using additional inference-time computation to explore multiple reasoning paths through search. Yet how to allocate a fixed rollout budget most effectively…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Xinglin Wang , Yiwei Li , Shaoxiong Feng , Peiwen Yuan , Yueqi Zhang , Jiayi Shi , Chuyi Tan , Boyuan Pan , Yao Hu , Kan Li

Scaling test-time compute through extended chains of thought has become a dominant paradigm for improving large language model reasoning. However, existing research implicitly assumes that longer thinking always yields better results. This…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Shu Zhou , Rui Ling , Junan Chen , Xin Wang , Tao Fan , Hao Wang

Test-time scaling has emerged as a promising paradigm in language modeling, leveraging additional computational resources at inference time to enhance model performance. In this work, we introduce R2-LLMs, a novel and versatile hierarchical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Alex ZH Dou , Zhongwei Wan , Dongfei Cui , Xin Wang , Jing Xiong , Haokun Lin , Chaofan Tao , Shen Yan , Mi Zhang

Large reasoning models (LRMs) have exhibited strong performance on complex reasoning tasks, with further gains achievable through increased computational budgets at inference. However, current test-time scaling methods predominantly rely on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Jie Chen , Jinhao Jiang , Yingqian Min , Zican Dong , Shijie Wang , Wayne Xin Zhao , Ji-Rong Wen

Process reward models (PRMs) are a cornerstone of test-time scaling (TTS), designed to verify and select the best responses from large language models (LLMs). However, this promise is challenged by recent benchmarks where simple majority…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Peng Kuang , Yanli Wang , Xiaoyu Han , Yaowenqi Liu , Kaidi Xu , Haohan Wang

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) achieve strong performance on mathematical reasoning tasks but remain unreliable on challenging instances. Existing test-time scaling methods, such as repeated sampling, self-correction, and tree search,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Zhimin Lin , Yixin Ji , Jinpeng Li , Yu Luo , Dong Li , Junhua Fang , Juntao Li , Min Zhang

Test-time scaling (TTS) techniques can improve the performance of large language models (LLMs) at the expense of additional computation and latency. While TTS has proven effective in formal domains such as mathematics and programming, its…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Davide Romano , Jonathan Schwarz , Daniele Giofré

One critical challenge for large language models (LLMs) for making complex reasoning is their reliance on matching reasoning patterns from training data, instead of proactively selecting the most appropriate cognitive strategy to solve a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Qin Liu , Wenxuan Zhou , Nan Xu , James Y. Huang , Fei Wang , Sheng Zhang , Hoifung Poon , Muhao Chen

Test-time scaling has emerged as a powerful technique for enhancing the reasoning capabilities of large language models. However, its effectiveness in medical reasoning remains uncertain, as the medical domain fundamentally differs from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Xiaoke Huang , Juncheng Wu , Hui Liu , Xianfeng Tang , Yuyin Zhou

Large reasoning models (LRMs) have exhibited the capacity of enhancing reasoning performance via internal test-time scaling. Building upon this, a promising direction is to further scale test-time compute to unlock even greater reasoning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Jian Wang , Boyan Zhu , Chak Tou Leong , Yongqi Li , Wenjie Li

Scaling test time compute has shown remarkable success in improving the reasoning abilities of large language models (LLMs). In this work, we conduct the first systematic exploration of applying test-time scaling methods to language agents…

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have created new opportunities to enhance performance on complex reasoning tasks by leveraging test-time computation. However, existing scaling methods have key limitations: parallel…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Jiefeng Chen , Jie Ren , Xinyun Chen , Chengrun Yang , Ruoxi Sun , Jinsung Yoon , Sercan Ö Arık

The reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) have significantly advanced their performance by enabling in-depth understanding of diverse tasks. With growing interest in applying LLMs to the time series domain, this has proven…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Jiahui Zhou , Dan Li , Lin Li , Zhuomin Chen , Shunyu Wu , Haozheng Ye , Jian Lou , Costas J. Spanos

Test-time scaling improves the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) by allocating extra compute to generate longer Chains-of-Thoughts (CoTs). This enables models to tackle more complex problem by breaking them down into…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Adel Javanmard , Baharan Mirzasoleiman , Vahab Mirrokni

Recent advancements in the reasoning skills of Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate an increase in the ability of LLMs to solve simple planning tasks. However, as long as the driving force behind improved reasoning capability is the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-03 Andrey Borro , Patricia J Riddle , Michael W Barley , Michael J Witbrock

Large Language Models (LLMs) employ Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning to deconstruct complex problems. While longer CoTs are often presumed superior, this paper challenges that notion, arguing that longer is not always better. Drawing on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Yuyang Wu , Yifei Wang , Ziyu Ye , Tianqi Du , Stefanie Jegelka , Yisen Wang

Human reasoning involves different strategies, each suited to specific problems. Prior work shows that large language model (LLMs) tend to favor a single reasoning strategy, potentially limiting their effectiveness in diverse reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Yanjian Zhang , Guillaume Wisniewski , Nadi Tomeh , Thierry Charnois