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The eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) underpins much of our modern understanding of the thermalization of closed quantum many-body systems. Here, we investigate the statistical properties of observables in the eigenbasis of the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-01-19 Gabriel Almeida , Pedro Ribeiro , Masudul Haque , Lucas Sá

The onset of thermalization in a closed finite system of randomly interacting bosons, at the level of a single eigenstate, is discussed. The main interest is in the emergence of the Bose-Einstein distribution of single-particle occupation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-05-02 Fausto Borgonovi , Francesco Mattiotti , Felix M. Izrailev

We show that quantum chaotic many-body systems possess the thermodynamic arrow of time in the thermodynamic limit. Berry's conjecture in quantum chaotic systems and equivalence of ensembles imply the Kelvin statement of the second law of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-02 Nilakash Sorokhaibam

We show that a bounded, isolated quantum system of many particles in a specific initial state will approach thermal equilibrium if the energy eigenfunctions which are superposed to form that state obey {\it Berry's conjecture}. Berry's…

Condensed Matter · Physics 2009-10-22 Mark Srednicki

Thermalization in closed quantum systems can be explained either by means of the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis or the concept of canonical typicality. Both concepts are based on quantum mechanical formalism such as spectral…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2015-08-11 Jayson G. Cosme , Oleksandr Fialko

Matrix elements of observables in eigenstates of generic Hamiltonians are described by the Srednicki ansatz within the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH). We study a quantum chaotic spin-fermion model in a one-dimensional lattice,…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-09-28 C. Schönle , D. Jansen , F. Heidrich-Meisner , L. Vidmar

We consider conditions under which an isolated quantum system approaches a microcanonical equilibrium state. A key component is the eigenstate thermalisation hypothesis, which proposes that all energy eigenstates appear thermal. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-01 Joe Dunlop , Oliver Cohen , Anthony J. Short

We investigate the extent to which the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis~(ETH) is valid or violated in the non-integrable and the integrable spin-$1/2$ XXZ chain. We perform the energy-resolved analysis of the statistical properties of…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-02-03 Jae Dong Noh

This work aims at understanding the interplay between the Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis (ETH), initial state independent equilibration and quantum chaos in systems that do not have a direct classical counterpart. It is based on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-04-20 Abdellah Khodja , Daniel Schmidtke , Jochen Gemmer

The eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) describes the properties of diagonal and off-diagonal matrix elements of local operators in the eigenenergy basis. In this work, we propose a relation between (i) the singular behaviour of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-18 Luca Capizzi , Jiaozi Wang , Xiansong Xu , Leonardo Mazza , Dario Poletti

We study thermalization in a disordered one-dimensional interacting bosonic system described by the Aubry-Andre model using full exact diagonalization. We find a broad chaotic energy window where the system's eigenstates satisfy the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-18 Javier de la Cruz , Carlos Diaz-Mejia , Sergio Lerma-Hernandez , Jorge G. Hirsch

The Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis implies that for a thermodynamically large system in one of its eigenstates, the reduced density matrix describing any finite subsystem is determined solely by a set of {\it relevant} conserved…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2017-01-04 Sourav Nandy , Arnab Sen , Arnab Das , Abhishek Dhar

Generalized thermalization is a process that occurs in integrable systems in which unitary dynamics, e.g., following a quantum quench, results in states in which observables after equilibration are described by generalized Gibbs ensembles…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2021-09-22 Yicheng Zhang , Lev Vidmar , Marcos Rigol

Local observables in generic periodically driven closed quantum systems are known to relax to values described by periodic infinite temperature ensembles. At the same time, ergodic static systems exhibit anomalous thermalization of local…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2018-08-15 Sthitadhi Roy , Yevgeny Bar Lev , David J. Luitz

Quantum many-body scar (QMBS) in kinetically constrained quantum systems challenges the conventional eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH). We develop an effective open-system description for constrained dynamics and introduce the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-09 Jia-wei Wang , Xiang-Fa Zhou , Guang-Can Guo , Zheng-Wei Zhou

Understanding how out-of-equilibrium states thermalize under quantum unitary dynamics is an important problem in many-body physics. In this work, we propose a statistical ansatz for the matrix elements of non-equilibrium initial states in…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-04-30 Laura Foini , Anatoly Dymarsky , Silvia Pappalardi

A conjecture due to Bohigas, Giannoni and Schmit (BGS), stating that the energy level correlations of quantum chaotic systems generically obey the laws of random matrix theory, is given a precise formulation for quantized symplectic maps.…

chao-dyn · Physics 2007-05-23 Martin R. Zirnbauer

The thermalizing dynamics of many-body systems is often described through the lens of the Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis (ETH). ETH postulates that the statistical properties of observables, when expressed in the energy eigenbasis,…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-04-01 Jiaozi Wang , Ruchira Mishra , Tian-Hua Yang , Luca V. Delacrétaz , Silvia Pappalardi

According to the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH), even isolated quantum systems can thermalize because the eigenstate-to-eigenstate fluctuations of typical observables vanish in the limit of large systems. Of course, isolated…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2014-04-08 W. Beugeling , R. Moessner , Masudul Haque

Studying noncommuting conserved quantities, or 'charges,' has revealed a conceptual puzzle: noncommuting charges hinder thermalization in some ways yet promote it in others. While many quantum systems thermalize according to the Eigenstate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-18 Shayan Majidy