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A new approach to play games quantum mechanically is proposed. We consider two players who perform measurements in an EPR-type setting. The payoff relations are defined as functions of *correlations*, i.e. without reference to classical or…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Azhar Iqbal , Stefan Weigert

In this paper, I propose a realistic interpretation (RI) of quantum mechanics, that is, an interpretation according to which a particle follows a definite path in spacetime. The path is not deterministic but it is rather a random walk.…

Cellular Automata and Lattice Gases · Physics 2007-09-18 Antonio Sciarretta

We present a quantum approach to a signaling game; a special kind of extensive games of incomplete information. Our model is based on quantum schemes for games in strategic form where players perform unitary operators on their own qubits of…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2014-07-28 Piotr Frackiewicz

We introduce string diagrams as a formal mathematical, graphical language to represent, compose, program and reason about games. The language is well established in quantum physics, quantum computing and quantum linguistic with the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2016-04-21 Jules Hedges , Evguenia Shprits , Viktor Winschel , Philipp Zahn

We consider an application of the mathematical formalism of quantum mechanics (QM) outside physics, namely, to game theory. We present a simple game between macroscopic players, say Alice and Bob (or in a more complex form - Alice, Bob and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-11-30 Andrei Khrennikov

We introduce a game to illustrate the principles of quantum mechanics using a qubit (or spin-first) approach, where students can experience and discover its puzzling features first-hand. Students take the role of particles and scientists.…

Physics Education · Physics 2019-01-24 Andrea López-Incera , Wolfgang Dür

This paper introduces a geometric framework for analyzing power relations in games, independent of their strategic form. We define a canonical preference space where each player's relational stance is a normalized vector. This model…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-11-11 Daniele De luca

Recent development in quantum computation and quantum information theory allows to extend the scope of game theory for the quantum world. The authors have recently proposed a quantum description of financial market in terms of quantum game…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Edward W. Piotrowski , Jan Sladkowski

The main goal of this paper is to give a rigorous mathematical description of systems for processing quantum information. To do it authors consider abstract state machines as models of classical computational systems. This class of machines…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2012-06-12 Mizal Alobaidi , Andriy Batyiv , Grygoriy Zholtkevych

A simple and general formulation of the quantum game theory is presented, accommodating all possible strategies in the Hilbert space for the first time. The theory is solvable for the two strategy quantum game, which is shown to be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-08 Taksu Cheon , Izumi Tsutsui

In the previous article, we presented a quantum-inspired framework for modeling semantic representation and processing in Large Language Models (LLMs), drawing upon mathematical tools and conceptual analogies from quantum mechanics to offer…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Timo Aukusti Laine

In its normal form prisoners' dilemma (PD) is represented by a payoff matrix showing players strategies and payoffs. To obtain distinguishing trait and strategic form of PD certain constraints are imposed on the elements of its payoff…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-07-25 Ahmad Nawaz

Communication games are collaborative information processing tasks involving a number of players with limited communication. Such games are useful tools for studying physical theories. A physical theory exhibits preparation contextuality…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-05-15 Armin Tavakoli

Coordination and cooperation are among the most important issues of game theory. Recently, the attention turned to game theory on graphs and social networks. Encouraged by interesting results obtained in quantum evolutionary game analysis,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-11-10 Łukasz Pawela , Jan Sładkowski

In another paper with the same name\cite{frame}, we proposed a new representation of Game Theory, but most results are given by specific examples and argument. In this paper, we try to prove the conclusions as far as we can, including a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Jinshan Wu

Using the representation introduced in \cite{frame}, an artificial game in quantum strategy space is proposed and studied. Although it has well-known classical correspondence, which has classical mixture strategy Nash Equilibrium states,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Jinshan Wu

In this paper, we explore the historical development of playable quantum physics related games (\textit{\textbf{quantum games}}). For the purpose of this examination, we have collected over 260 quantum games ranging from commercial games,…

General Literature · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Laura Piispanen , Edward Morrell , Solip Park , Marcell Pfaffhauser , Annakaisa Kultima

Contextuality is arguably the fundamental property that makes quantum mechanics different from classical physics. It is responsible for quantum computational speedups in both magic-state-injection-based and measurement-based models of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-19 Oliver Hart , David T. Stephen , Evan Wickenden , Rahul Nandkishore

The quantum mechanical approach to the well known prisoners dilemma, one of the basic examples to illustrate the concepts of Game Theory, is implemented with a classical optical resource, nonquantum entanglement between spin and orbital…

This paper consider the possibility of using some quantum tools in decision making strategies. In particular, we consider here a dynamical open quantum system helping two players, $\G_1$ and $\G_2$, to take their decisions in a specific…

Physics and Society · Physics 2015-06-24 Fabio Bagarello