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Training on test-time data enables deep learning models to adapt to dynamic environmental changes, enhancing their practical applicability. Online adaptation from source to target domains is promising but it remains highly reliant on the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Jisu Han , Jihee Park , Dongyoon Han , Wonjun Hwang

Traditional test-time adaptation (TTA) methods face significant challenges in adapting to dynamic environments characterized by continuously changing long-term target distributions. These challenges primarily stem from two factors:…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-10 Fahim Faisal Niloy , Sk Miraj Ahmed , Dripta S. Raychaudhuri , Samet Oymak , Amit K. Roy-Chowdhury

The conventional modus operandi for adapting pre-trained vision-language models (VLMs) during test-time involves tuning learnable prompts, ie, test-time prompt tuning. This paper introduces Test-Time Low-rank adaptation (TTL) as an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-24 Raza Imam , Hanan Gani , Muhammad Huzaifa , Karthik Nandakumar

Vision-language models (VLMs) such as CLIP exhibit strong Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection capabilities by aligning visual and textual representations. Recent CLIP-based test-time adaptation methods further improve detection performance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Jinlun Ye , Jiang Liao , Runhe Lai , Xinhua Lu , Jiaxin Zhuang , Zhiyong Gan , Ruixuan Wang

In real-world scenarios, tabular data often suffer from distribution shifts that threaten the performance of machine learning models. Despite its prevalence and importance, handling distribution shifts in the tabular domain remains…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Changhun Kim , Taewon Kim , Seungyeon Woo , June Yong Yang , Eunho Yang

Adapting models to dynamic, real-world environments characterized by shifting data distributions and unseen test scenarios is a critical challenge in deep learning. In this paper, we consider a realistic and challenging Test-Time Adaptation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Manogna Sreenivas , Soma Biswas

Vision-language models (VLMs) exhibit remarkable zero-shot capabilities but struggle with distribution shifts in downstream tasks when labeled data is unavailable, which has motivated the development of Test-Time Adaptation (TTA) to improve…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Yiwen Liang , Hui Chen , Yizhe Xiong , Zihan Zhou , Mengyao Lyu , Zijia Lin , Shuaicheng Niu , Sicheng Zhao , Jungong Han , Guiguang Ding

We present Point-TTA, a novel test-time adaptation framework for point cloud registration (PCR) that improves the generalization and the performance of registration models. While learning-based approaches have achieved impressive progress,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Ahmed Hatem , Yiming Qian , Yang Wang

Large-scale Vision-Language Models (VLMs) exhibit strong zero-shot recognition, yet their real-world deployment is challenged by distribution shifts. While Test-Time Adaptation (TTA) can mitigate this, existing VLM-based TTA methods operate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Wei Luo , Yangfan Ou , Jin Deng , Zeshuai Deng , Xiquan Yan , Zhiquan Wen , Mingkui Tan

Large-scale vision-language models (VLMs) such as CLIP exhibit strong zero-shot generalization, but adapting them to downstream tasks typically requires costly labeled data. Existing unsupervised self-training methods rely on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Qian-Wei Wang , Guanghao Meng , Ren Cai , Yaguang Song , Shu-Tao Xia

Vision-language models (VLMs) such as CLIP exhibit strong zero-shot generalization but remain sensitive to domain shifts at test time. Test-time prompt tuning (TPT) mitigates this issue by adapting prompts with fixed augmentations, which…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Yuqing Lei , Yingjun Du , Yawen Huang , Xiantong Zhen , Ling Shao

Test-time adaptation with pre-trained vision-language models (VLMs) has attracted increasing attention for tackling the issue of distribution shift during the test phase. While prior methods have shown effectiveness in addressing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Baoshun Tong , Kaiyu Song , Hanjiang Lai

Multimodal in-context learning (ICL) is becoming a key capability that allows large vision-language models (LVLMs) to adapt to novel tasks without parameter updates, which expands their usefulness in many real-world applications. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Yanshu Li , Jianjiang Yang , Ziteng Yang , Bozheng Li , Ligong Han , Hongyang He , Zhengtao Yao , Yingjie Victor Chen , Songlin Fei , Dongfang Liu , Ruixiang Tang

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models rely on current observations, including images, language instructions, and robot states, to predict actions and complete tasks. While accurate visual perception is crucial for precise action prediction…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Cheng Yang , Jianhao Jiao , Lingyi Huang , Jinqi Xiao , Zhexiang Tang , Yu Gong , Yibiao Ying , Yang Sui , Jintian Lin , Wen Huang , Bo Yuan

This paper introduces Unified Language-driven Zero-shot Domain Adaptation (ULDA), a novel task setting that enables a single model to adapt to diverse target domains without explicit domain-ID knowledge. We identify the constraints in the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-11 Senqiao Yang , Zhuotao Tian , Li Jiang , Jiaya Jia

Foundation models have attracted widespread attention across domains due to their powerful zero-shot classification capabilities. This work is motivated by two key observations: (1) \textit{Vision-Language Models} (VLMs), such as CLIP,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Zhanxuan Hu , Qiyu Xu , Yu Duan , Yonghang Tai , Huafeng Li

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in specialized domains such as finance, medicine, and agriculture, where they face significant distribution shifts from their training data. Domain-specific fine-tuning can mitigate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Yijie Xu , Huizai Yao , Zhiyu Guo , Pengteng Li , Aiwei Liu , Xuming Hu , Weiyu Guo , Hui Xiong

Vision Transformer (ViT) is becoming more popular in image processing. Specifically, we investigate the effectiveness of test-time adaptation (TTA) on ViT, a technique that has emerged to correct its prediction during test-time by itself.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-29 Takeshi Kojima , Yutaka Matsuo , Yusuke Iwasawa

Open-set Unsupervised Video Domain Adaptation (OUVDA) deals with the task of adapting an action recognition model from a labelled source domain to an unlabelled target domain that contains "target-private" categories, which are present in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-05 Giacomo Zara , Subhankar Roy , Paolo Rota , Elisa Ricci

Test-time adaptation (TTA) effectively counters distribution shifts but exposes models to adversarial manipulation via the unlabeled test stream. Existing class-wise targeted attacks remain impractical for stealthy exploitation in this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Phuc Duc Nguyen , Quang Duc Nguyen