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Large pre-trained models have transformed machine learning, yet adapting these models effectively to exhibit precise, concept-specific behaviors remains a significant challenge. Task vectors, defined as the difference between fine-tuned and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Hamed Damirchi , Ehsan Abbasnejad , Zhen Zhang , Javen Shi

Despite the remarkable achievements of language models (LMs) across a broad spectrum of tasks, their propensity for generating toxic outputs remains a prevalent concern. Current solutions involving finetuning or auxiliary models usually…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Yu Li , Han Jiang , Chuanyang Gong , Zhihua Wei

As large language models (LLMs) advance in their linguistic capacity, understanding how they capture aspects of language competence remains a significant challenge. This study therefore employs psycholinguistic paradigms in English, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-12 Xufeng Duan , Xinyu Zhou , Bei Xiao , Zhenguang G. Cai

Knowledge-enhanced text generation aims to enhance the quality of generated text by utilizing internal or external knowledge sources. While language models have demonstrated impressive capabilities in generating coherent and fluent text,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Shuqi Liu , Han Wu , Guanzhi Deng , Jianshu Chen , Xiaoyang Wang , Linqi Song

As large language models become integral to high-stakes applications, ensuring their robustness and fairness is critical. Despite their success, large language models remain vulnerable to adversarial attacks, where small perturbations, such…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Danqing Chen , Tobias Ladner , Ahmed Rayen Mhadhbi , Matthias Althoff

Large language models (LLMs) learn undesirable properties during pretraining, including dangerous knowledge and toxic text generation. Just as post-training uses different objectives to shape different behaviors, we argue that unlearning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Berk Atil , Vipul Gupta , Rebecca J. Passonneau

Toxicity detection mitigates the dissemination of toxic content (e.g., hateful comments, posts, and messages within online social actions) to safeguard a healthy online social environment. However, malicious users persistently develop…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Hankun Kang , Xin Miao , Jianhao Chen , Jintao Wen , Mayi Xu , Weiyu Zhang , Wenpeng Lu , Tieyun Qian

The performance of autoregressive models on natural language generation tasks has dramatically improved due to the adoption of deep, self-attentive architectures. However, these gains have come at the cost of hindering inference speed,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-30 Alexander Lin , Jeremy Wohlwend , Howard Chen , Tao Lei

Our proposed method, ReSeTOX (REdo SEarch if TOXic), addresses the issue of Neural Machine Translation (NMT) generating translation outputs that contain toxic words not present in the input. The objective is to mitigate the introduction of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-22 Javier García Gilabert , Carlos Escolano , Marta R. Costa-Jussà

User generated text on social media often suffers from a lot of undesired characteristics including hatespeech, abusive language, insults etc. that are targeted to attack or abuse a specific group of people. Often such text is written…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-10-03 Sravan Babu Bodapati , Spandana Gella , Kasturi Bhattacharjee , Yaser Al-Onaizan

Despite recent advances in natural language generation, it remains challenging to control attributes of generated text. We propose DExperts: Decoding-time Experts, a decoding-time method for controlled text generation that combines a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-04 Alisa Liu , Maarten Sap , Ximing Lu , Swabha Swayamdipta , Chandra Bhagavatula , Noah A. Smith , Yejin Choi

Detecting online toxicity has always been a challenge due to its inherent subjectivity. Factors such as the context, geography, socio-political climate, and background of the producers and consumers of the posts play a crucial role in…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2023-01-18 Tanmay Garg , Sarah Masud , Tharun Suresh , Tanmoy Chakraborty

On the world wide web, toxic content detectors are a crucial line of defense against potentially hateful and offensive messages. As such, building highly effective classifiers that enable a safer internet is an important research area.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-02-24 Alyssa Lees , Vinh Q. Tran , Yi Tay , Jeffrey Sorensen , Jai Gupta , Donald Metzler , Lucy Vasserman

As social-media platforms emerge and evolve faster than the regulations meant to oversee them, automated detoxification might serve as a timely tool for moderators to enforce safe discourse at scale. We here describe our submission to the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Trung Duc Anh Dang , Ferdinando Pio D'Elia

To reduce the toxic degeneration in a pretrained Language Model (LM), previous work on Language Model detoxification has focused on reducing the toxicity of the generation itself (self-toxicity) without consideration of the context. As a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-26 Jing Qian , Xifeng Yan

Debiasing methods that seek to mitigate the tendency of Language Models (LMs) to occasionally output toxic or inappropriate text have recently gained traction. In this paper, we propose a standardized protocol which distinguishes methods…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-24 Robert Morabito , Jad Kabbara , Ali Emami

Recent developments in transformer-based language models have allowed them to capture a wide variety of world knowledge that can be adapted to downstream tasks with limited resources. However, what pieces of information are understood in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-31 Shrayani Mondal , Rishabh Garodia , Arbaaz Qureshi , Taesung Lee , Youngja Park

Large language models often display undesirable behaviors embedded in their internal representations, undermining fairness, inconsistency drift, amplification of harmful content, and the propagation of unwanted patterns during extended…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Afrozah Nadeem , Mark Dras , Usman Naseem

Large Language Models (LLMs) drive current AI breakthroughs despite very little being known about their internal representations. In this work, we propose to shed the light on LLMs inner mechanisms through the lens of geometry. In…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-12 Randall Balestriero , Romain Cosentino , Sarath Shekkizhar

Detecting toxic content using language models is crucial yet challenging. While substantial progress has been made in English, toxicity detection in French remains underdeveloped, primarily due to the lack of culturally relevant,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Axel Delaval , Shujian Yang , Haicheng Wang , Han Qiu , Jialiang Lu
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