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Related papers: Optimal and Efficient Sample Size Re-estimation: A…

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While Reinforcement Learning (RL) enhances Large Language Model reasoning, on-policy algorithms like GRPO are sample-inefficient as they discard past rollouts. Existing experience replay methods address this by reusing accurate samples for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Long Li , Zhijian Zhou , Tianyi Wang , Weidi Xu , Zuming Huang , Wei Chu , Zhe Wang , Shirui Pan , Chao Qu , Yuan Qi

Opportunistic detection rules (ODRs) are variants of fixed-sample-size detection rules in which the statistician is allowed to make an early decision on the alternative hypothesis opportunistically based on the sequentially observed…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-02-15 Wenyi Zhang , George V. Moustakides , H. Vincent Poor

Group sequential designs (GSDs) are well established and the most commonly used adaptive design in confirmatory clinical trials with interim analyses. However, they remain underutilised, and their implementation involves unique theoretical…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-09-09 Zhangyi He , Suzie Cro , Laurent Billot

This paper proposes a novel, efficient transfer learning method, called Scalable Weight Reparametrization (SWR) that is efficient and effective for multiple downstream tasks. Efficient transfer learning involves utilizing a pre-trained…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-28 Byeonggeun Kim , Jun-Tae Lee , Seunghan yang , Simyung Chang

Longitudinal cluster randomized trials (L-CRTs) are increasingly used to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of healthcare interventions across multiple assessment periods, yet design methods for powering these trials remain underdeveloped.…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-20 Hao Wang , Jingxia Liu , Drew B. Cameron , Jiaqi Tong , Donna Spiegelman , Daniella Meeker , Fan Li

Subsampling is a widely used and effective approach for addressing the computational challenges posed by massive datasets. Substantial progress has been made in developing non-uniform, probability-based subsampling schemes that prioritize…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-07 Dingyi Wang , Haiying Wang , Qingpei Hu

Evaluating LLMs and text-to-image models is a computationally intensive task often overlooked. Efficient evaluation is crucial for understanding the diverse capabilities of these models and enabling comparisons across a growing number of…

Simulation offers a simple and flexible way to estimate the power of a clinical trial when analytic formulae are not available. The computational burden of using simulation has, however, restricted its application to only the simplest of…

We present a novel adaptive random subspace learning algorithm (RSSL) for prediction purpose. This new framework is flexible where it can be adapted with any learning technique. In this paper, we tested the algorithm for regression and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-02-10 Mohamed Elshrif , Ernest Fokoue

We propose an adaptive sequential framework for testing two simple hypotheses that analytically ensures finite exposure to the less effective treatment. Our proposed procedure employs a likelihood ratio-driven adaptive allocation rule,…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-11-26 Sampurna Kundu , Jayant Jha , Subir Kumar Bhandari

Informative interim adaptations lead to random sample sizes. The random sample size becomes a component of the sufficient statistic and estimation based solely on observed samples or on the likelihood function does not use all available…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-10-25 Sergey Tarima , Nancy Flournoy

Symbolic regression (SR) uncovers mathematical models from data. Several benchmarks have been proposed to compare the performance of SR algorithms. However, existing ground-truth rediscovery benchmarks overemphasize the recovery of "the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Viktor Martinek

In the realm of deep learning-based recommendation systems, the increasing computational demands, driven by the growing number of users and items, pose a significant challenge to practical deployment. This challenge is primarily twofold:…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Shuyao Wang , Yongduo Sui , Jiancan Wu , Zhi Zheng , Hui Xiong

In simulation-based optimization, the optimal setting of the input parameters of the objective function can be determined by heuristic optimization techniques. However, when simulators model the stochasticity of real-world problems, their…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-05-26 Manuel Dalcastagné , Andrea Mariello , Roberto Battiti

The training of deep neural networks is inherently a nonconvex optimization problem, yet standard approaches such as stochastic gradient descent (SGD) require simultaneous updates to all parameters, often leading to unstable convergence and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Chengcheng Yan , Jiawei Xu , Zheng Peng , Qingsong Wang

Covariate adjustment is desired by both practitioners and regulators of randomized clinical trials because it improves precision for estimating treatment effects. However, covariate adjustment presents a particular challenge in…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-07-20 Yunfan Li , Jessica L. Ross , Aaron M. Smith , David P. Miller

Restricted mean survival time (RMST) is gaining attention as a measure to quantify the treatment effect on survival outcomes in randomized clinical trials. Several methods to determine sample size based on the RMST-based tests have been…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-12-19 Satoshi Hattori , Hajime Uno

The theory of sampling and the reconstruction of data has a wide range of applications and a rich collection of techniques. For many methods a core problem is the estimation of the number of samples needed in order to secure a stable and…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-07-30 Laura Thesing , Anders Christian Hansen

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has significantly advanced the field of combinatorial optimization (CO). However, its practicality is hindered by the necessity for a large number of reward evaluations, especially in scenarios involving…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Hyeonah Kim , Minsu Kim , Sungsoo Ahn , Jinkyoo Park

We propose a new estimator for the high-dimensional linear regression model with observation error in the design where the number of coefficients is potentially larger than the sample size. The main novelty of our procedure is that the…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-09-09 Alexandre Belloni , Abhishek Kaul , Mathieu Rosenbaum