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Modern automatic speech recognition (ASR) models, such as OpenAI's Whisper, rely on deep encoder-decoder architectures, and their encoders are a critical bottleneck for efficient deployment due to high computational intensity. We introduce…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Keisuke Kamahori , Jungo Kasai , Noriyuki Kojima , Baris Kasikci

Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems suffer significant performance degradation in noisy environments, a challenge that is especially severe for low-resource languages such as Persian. Even state-of-the-art models such as Whisper…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Zahra Rahmani , Hossein Sameti

This paper presents a Pronunciation-Aware Contextualized (PAC) framework to address two key challenges in Large Language Model (LLM)-based Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems: effective pronunciation modeling and robust homophone…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Li Fu , Yu Xin , Sunlu Zeng , Lu Fan , Youzheng Wu , Xiaodong He

While large language models excel in a variety of natural language processing (NLP) tasks, to perform well on spoken language understanding (SLU) tasks, they must either rely on off-the-shelf automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-13 Pranay Dighe , Yi Su , Shangshang Zheng , Yunshu Liu , Vineet Garg , Xiaochuan Niu , Ahmed Tewfik

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success in the field of natural language processing, enabling better human-computer interaction using natural language. However, the seamless integration of speech signals into LLMs has…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-03 Jian Wu , Yashesh Gaur , Zhuo Chen , Long Zhou , Yimeng Zhu , Tianrui Wang , Jinyu Li , Shujie Liu , Bo Ren , Linquan Liu , Yu Wu

In this paper, we propose a novel approach for the transcription of speech conversations with natural speaker overlap, from single channel speech recordings. The proposed model is a combination of a speaker diarization system and a hybrid…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-08-30 Srikanth Raj Chetupalli , Sriram Ganapathy

Language models (LMs) have been commonly adopted to boost the performance of automatic speech recognition (ASR) particularly in domain adaptation tasks. Conventional way of LM training treats all the words in corpora equally, resulting in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Yingyi Ma , Zhe Liu , Ozlem Kalinli

Diffusion Large Language Models (dLLMs) have emerged as a promising non-autoregressive generative paradigm. Given the prohibitive computational cost of full fine-tuning, Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) has become the standard…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Shuaidi Wang , Zhan Zhuang , Ruping Huang , Yu Zhang

Automatic reading aloud evaluation can provide valuable support to teachers by enabling more efficient scoring of reading exercises. However, research on reading evaluation systems and applications remains limited. We present a novel…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-01 Lingyun Gao , Cristian Tejedor-Garcia , Catia Cucchiarini , Helmer Strik

In the realm of automatic speech recognition (ASR), robustness in noisy environments remains a significant challenge. Recent ASR models, such as Whisper, have shown promise, but their efficacy in noisy conditions can be further enhanced.…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-06-28 Yehoshua Dissen , Shiry Yonash , Israel Cohen , Joseph Keshet

Traditionally, research in automated speech recognition has focused on local-first encoding of audio representations to predict the spoken phonemes in an utterance. Unfortunately, approaches relying on such hyper-local information tend to…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-09-19 David M. Chan , Shalini Ghosh , Debmalya Chakrabarty , Björn Hoffmeister

Recent voice assistants are usually based on the cascade spoken language understanding (SLU) solution, which consists of an automatic speech recognition (ASR) engine and a natural language understanding (NLU) system. Because such approach…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-14 Anderson R. Avila , Mehdi Rezagholizadeh , Chao Xing

Self-supervised pretrained models exhibit competitive performance in automatic speech recognition on finetuning, even with limited in-domain supervised data. However, popular pretrained models are not suitable for streaming ASR because they…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-10 Shashi Kumar , Srikanth Madikeri , Juan Zuluaga-Gomez , Esaú Villatoro-Tello , Iuliia Thorbecke , Petr Motlicek , Manjunath K E , Aravind Ganapathiraju

This paper introduces a discrete diffusion model (DDM) framework for text-aligned speech tokenization and reconstruction. By replacing the auto-regressive speech decoder with a discrete diffusion counterpart, our model achieves…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-25 Pin-Jui Ku , He Huang , Jean-Marie Lemercier , Subham Sekhar Sahoo , Zhehuai Chen , Ante Jukić

We study the effect of applying a language model (LM) on the output of Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems for Indic languages. We fine-tune wav2vec $2.0$ models for $18$ Indic languages and adjust the results with language models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-16 Ankur Dhuriya , Harveen Singh Chadha , Anirudh Gupta , Priyanshi Shah , Neeraj Chhimwal , Rishabh Gaur , Vivek Raghavan

Diffusion LLMs have attracted growing interest, with plenty of recent work emphasizing their great potential in various downstream tasks; yet the long-context behavior of diffusion LLMs remains largely uncharted. We present a case study of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Guangxin He , Shen Nie , Fengqi Zhu , Yuankang Zhao , Tianyi Bai , Ran Yan , Jie Fu , Chongxuan Li , Binhang Yuan

Language modeling (LM) for automatic speech recognition (ASR) does not usually incorporate utterance level contextual information. For some domains like voice assistants, however, additional context, such as the time at which an utterance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-04 Richard Diehl Martinez , Scott Novotney , Ivan Bulyko , Ariya Rastrow , Andreas Stolcke , Ankur Gandhe

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has raised concerns about reliably detecting AI-generated text. Stylometric metrics work well on autoregressive (AR) outputs, but their effectiveness on diffusion-based models is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-15 İsmail Tarım , Aytuğ Onan

Auto-regressive models (ARMs) have established a dominant paradigm in language modeling. However, their strictly sequential decoding paradigm imposes fundamental constraints on both inference efficiency and modeling flexibility. To address…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Yuyan Zhou , Kai Syun Hou , Weiyu Chen , James Kwok

Speech Recognition (ASR) due to phoneme distortions and high variability. While self-supervised ASR models like Wav2Vec, HuBERT, and Whisper have shown promise, their effectiveness in dysarthric speech remains unclear. This study…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Ahmed Aboeitta , Ahmed Sharshar , Youssef Nafea , Shady Shehata