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While integrating speech encoder with LLM requires substantial data and resources, use cases face limitations due to insufficient availability. To address this, we propose a solution with a parameter-efficient adapter that converts speech…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Jaekwon Yoo , Kunal Chandiramani , Divya Tadimeti , Abenezer Girma , Chandra Dhir

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated potential in handling spoken inputs for high-resource languages, reaching state-of-the-art performance in various tasks. However, their applicability is still less explored in low-resource…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-08 Seraphina Fong , Marco Matassoni , Alessio Brutti

Most end-to-end (E2E) speech recognition models are composed of encoder and decoder blocks that perform acoustic and language modeling functions. Pretrained large language models (LLMs) have the potential to improve the performance of E2E…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-04 Shaoshi Ling , Yuxuan Hu , Shuangbei Qian , Guoli Ye , Yao Qian , Yifan Gong , Ed Lin , Michael Zeng

Contextual automatic speech recognition (ASR) with Speech-LLMs is typically trained with oracle conversation history, but relies on error-prone history at inference, causing a train-test mismatch in the context channel that we term…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Xiaoyong Guo , Nanjie Li , Zijie Zeng , Kai Wang , Hao Huang , Haihua Xu , Wei Shi

Whisper is a recent Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) model displaying impressive robustness to both out-of-distribution inputs and random noise. In this work, we show that this robustness does not carry over to adversarial noise. We show…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-14 Raphael Olivier , Bhiksha Raj

Most multi-agent systems rely exclusively on autoregressive language models (ARMs) that are based on sequential generation. Although effective for fluent text, ARMs limit global reasoning and plan revision. On the other hand, Discrete…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Lina Berrayana , Ahmed Heakl , Abdullah Sohail , Thomas Hofmann , Salman Khan , Wei Chen

Recently, advancements in large language models (LLMs) have shown an unprecedented ability across various language tasks. This paper investigates the potential application of LLMs to slot filling with noisy ASR transcriptions, via both…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Guangzhi Sun , Shutong Feng , Dongcheng Jiang , Chao Zhang , Milica Gašić , Philip C. Woodland

Speech-only spoken language models (SLMs) lag behind text and text-speech models in performance, with recent discrete autoregressive (AR) SLMs indicating significant computational and data demands to match text models. Since discretizing…

This work explores fine-tuning OpenAI's Whisper automatic speech recognition (ASR) model for Amharic, a low-resource language, to improve transcription accuracy. While the foundational Whisper model struggles with Amharic due to limited…

The rapid progress of auto-regressive vision-language models (VLMs) has inspired growing interest in vision-language-action models (VLA) for robotic manipulation. Recently, masked diffusion models, a paradigm distinct from autoregressive…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Yuqing Wen , Hebei Li , Kefan Gu , Yucheng Zhao , Tiancai Wang , Xiaoyan Sun

Improving the reasoning capabilities of diffusion-based large language models (dLLMs) through reinforcement learning (RL) remains an open problem. The intractability of dLLMs likelihood function necessitates approximating the current, old,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Xiaohang Tang , Rares Dolga , Sangwoong Yoon , Ilija Bogunovic

Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems remain prone to errors that affect downstream applications. In this paper, we propose LIR-ASR, a heuristic optimized iterative correction framework using LLMs, inspired by human auditory…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-23 Yutong Liu , Ziyue Zhang , Cheng Huang , Yongbin Yu , Xiangxiang Wang , Yuqing Cai , Nyima Tashi

The emergence of industrial-scale speech recognition (ASR) models such as Whisper and USM, trained on 1M hours of weakly labelled and 12M hours of audio only proprietary data respectively, has led to a stronger need for large scale public…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-02 Ankit Gupta , George Saon , Brian Kingsbury

Automatic assessment of reading fluency using automatic speech recognition (ASR) holds great potential for early detection of reading difficulties and subsequent timely intervention. Precise assessment tools are required, especially for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-24 Bo Molenaar , Cristian Tejedor-Garcia , Helmer Strik , Catia Cucchiarini

Code-switching (CS) automatic speech recognition (ASR) faces challenges due to the language confusion resulting from accents, auditory similarity, and seamless language switches. Adaptation on the pre-trained multi-lingual model has shown…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Jiahui Zhao , Hao Shi , Chenrui Cui , Tianrui Wang , Hexin Liu , Zhaoheng Ni , Lingxuan Ye , Longbiao Wang

End-to-end autonomous driving systems based on vision-language-action (VLA) models integrate multimodal sensor inputs and language instructions to generate planning and control signals. While autoregressive large language models and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Mingwang Xu , Jiahao Cui , Feipeng Cai , Hanlin Shang , Zhihao Zhu , Shan Luan , Yifang Xu , Neng Zhang , Yaoyi Li , Jia Cai , Siyu Zhu

As large language models (LLMs) grow in parameter size and capabilities, such as interaction through prompting, they open up new ways of interfacing with automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems beyond rescoring n-best lists. This work…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-25 Maryam Naderi , Enno Hermann , Alexandre Nanchen , Sevada Hovsepyan , Mathew Magimai. -Doss

Recently, there has been a growing interest in text-to-speech (TTS) methods that can be trained with minimal supervision by combining two types of discrete speech representations and using two sequence-to-sequence tasks to decouple TTS.…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Chunyu Qiang , Hao Li , Hao Ni , He Qu , Ruibo Fu , Tao Wang , Longbiao Wang , Jianwu Dang

We propose TraceRL, a trajectory-aware reinforcement learning framework for diffusion language models (DLMs) that incorporates preferred inference trajectory into post-training, and is applicable across different architectures. Equipped…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Yinjie Wang , Ling Yang , Bowen Li , Ye Tian , Ke Shen , Mengdi Wang

This paper introduces a fast-slow encoder based transducer with streaming deliberation for end-to-end automatic speech recognition. We aim to improve the recognition accuracy of the fast-slow encoder based transducer while keeping its…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-12-16 Ke Li , Jay Mahadeokar , Jinxi Guo , Yangyang Shi , Gil Keren , Ozlem Kalinli , Michael L. Seltzer , Duc Le
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