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Pretrained language models (PLMs) trained on large-scale unlabeled corpus are typically fine-tuned on task-specific downstream datasets, which have produced state-of-the-art results on various NLP tasks. However, the data discrepancy issue…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-23 Jiali Zeng , Yufan Jiang , Shuangzhi Wu , Yongjing Yin , Mu Li

Speculative decoding (SD) accelerates large language model inference by employing a faster draft model for generating multiple tokens, which are then verified in parallel by the larger target model, resulting in the text generated according…

Foundation Vision-Language Models (VLMs) trained using large-scale open-domain images and text pairs have recently been adapted to develop Vision-Language Segmentation Models (VLSMs) that allow providing text prompts during inference to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-28 Manish Dhakal , Rabin Adhikari , Safal Thapaliya , Bishesh Khanal

Conventional research on large language models (LLMs) has primarily focused on refining output distributions, while paying less attention to the decoding process that transforms these distributions into final responses. Recent advances,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Chenheng Zhang , Tianqi Du , Jizhe Zhang , Mingqing Xiao , Yifei Wang , Yisen Wang , Zhouchen Lin

Full fine-tuning is a popular approach to adapt Transformer-based pre-trained large language models to a specific downstream task. However, the substantial requirements for computational power and storage have discouraged its widespread…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-02 Samir Arora , Liangliang Wang

Current visual grounding models are either based on a Multimodal Large Language Model (MLLM) that performs auto-regressive decoding, which is slow and risks hallucinations, or on re-aligning an LLM with vision features to learn new special…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Weitai Kang , Jason Kuen , Mengwei Ren , Zijun Wei , Yan Yan , Kangning Liu

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) enable powerful multimodal reasoning but suffer from slow autoregressive inference, limiting their deployment in real-time applications. We introduce Spec-LLaVA, a system that applies speculative decoding to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Mingxiao Huo , Jiayi Zhang , Hewei Wang , Jinfeng Xu , Zheyu Chen , Huilin Tai , Yijun Chen

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable ability to generate code, yet their outputs often violate syntactic or semantic constraints when guided only through natural language prompts. We introduce TreeCoder, the most general and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Henrijs Princis , Arindam Sharma , Cristina David

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods are increasingly vital in adapting large-scale pre-trained language models for diverse tasks, offering a balance between adaptability and computational efficiency. They are important in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-08 Tong Su , Xin Peng , Sarubi Thillainathan , David Guzmán , Surangika Ranathunga , En-Shiun Annie Lee

With the scale of vision Transformer-based models continuing to grow, finetuning these large-scale pretrained models for new tasks has become increasingly parameter-intensive. Visual prompt tuning is introduced as a parameter-efficient…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Runjia Zeng , Cheng Han , Qifan Wang , Chunshu Wu , Tong Geng , Lifu Huang , Ying Nian Wu , Dongfang Liu

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) is an effective methodology to unleash the potential of large foundation models in novel scenarios with limited training data. In the computer vision community, PEFT has shown effectiveness in image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Zelin Peng , Zhengqin Xu , Zhilin Zeng , Lingxi Xie , Qi Tian , Wei Shen

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) demonstrate robust zero-shot capabilities across diverse vision-language tasks after training on mega-scale datasets. However, dense prediction tasks, such as semantic segmentation and keypoint…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Yan Tai , Luhao Zhu , Yunan Ding , Yiying Dong , Guangtao Zhai , Xiaohong Liu , Guodong Guo

Programming languages can benefit from one another by utilizing a language model for software engineering tasks. Full fine-tuning and Parameter Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) of Code Language Models (Code-LMs) has been explored for…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Amirreza Esmaeili , Fahd Seddik , Yongyi Ji , Fatemeh Fard , Fuxiang Chen

This paper introduces Multimodal Speculative Decoding (MSD) to accelerate Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) inference. Speculative decoding has been shown to accelerate Large Language Models (LLMs) without sacrificing accuracy.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Luxi Lin , Zhihang Lin , Zhanpeng Zeng , Rongrong Ji

Steering vectors have emerged as a lightweight and effective approach for aligning large language models (LLMs) at inference time, enabling modulation over model behaviors by shifting LLM representations towards a target behavior. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Soham Gadgil , Chris Lin , Su-In Lee

Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) of text-to-image models has become an increasingly popular technique with many applications. Among the various PEFT methods, Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) and its variants have gained significant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Zerui Tao , Yuhta Takida , Naoki Murata , Qibin Zhao , Yuki Mitsufuji

Today's massively-sized datasets have made it necessary to often perform computations on them in a distributed manner. In principle, a computational task is divided into subtasks which are distributed over a cluster operated by a…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-06-20 Wael Halbawi , Navid Azizan-Ruhi , Fariborz Salehi , Babak Hassibi

Core to the vision-and-language navigation (VLN) challenge is building robust instruction representations and action decoding schemes, which can generalize well to previously unseen instructions and environments. In this paper, we report…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-06 Xiujun Li , Chunyuan Li , Qiaolin Xia , Yonatan Bisk , Asli Celikyilmaz , Jianfeng Gao , Noah Smith , Yejin Choi

Efficient fine-tuning of pre-trained Text-to-Image (T2I) models involves adjusting the model to suit a particular task or dataset while minimizing computational resources and limiting the number of trainable parameters. However, it often…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Komal Kumar , Rao Muhammad Anwer , Fahad Shahbaz Khan , Salman Khan , Ivan Laptev , Hisham Cholakkal

In the search for highly efficient decoders for short LDPC codes approaching maximum likelihood performance, a relayed decoding strategy, specifically activating the ordered statistics decoding process upon failure of a neural min-sum…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Guangwen Li , Xiao Yu