Related papers: Runaway electrons during a coil quench in stellara…
Systematic variation of the pre-disruption core electron temperature (Te) from 1 to 12 keV using an internal transport barrier scenario reveals a dramatic increase in the production of seed runaway electrons (REs), ultimately accessing…
This Roadmap article addresses the critical and multifaceted challenge of plasma-facing component (PFC) damage caused by runaway electrons (REs) in tokamaks, a phenomenon that poses a significant threat to the viability and longevity of…
In [V.A. Izzo et al 2022 Nucl. Fusion 62 096029], state-of-the-art modeling of thermal and current quench (CQ) MHD coupled with a self-consistent evolution of runaway electron (RE) generation and transport showed that a non-axisymmetric (n…
Relativistic runaway electron avalanches (RREAs) imply a large multiplication of high energy electrons (~1 MeV). Two factors are necessary for this phenomenon: a high electric field sustained over a large distance and an energetic particle…
Accurate modeling of runaway electron generation and losses during tokamak disruptions is crucial for the development of reactor-scale tokamak devices. In this paper we present a reduced model for runaway electron losses due to flux surface…
The exponential growth (avalanching) of runaway electrons (REs) during a tokamak disruption continues to be a large uncertainty in RE modeling. The present work investigates the impact of tokamak geometry on the efficiency of the avalanche…
Sufficiently strong electric fields in plasmas can accelerate charged particles to relativistic energies. In this paper we describe the dynamics of positrons accelerated in such electric fields, and calculate the fraction of created…
Intense electromagnetic pulses interacting with a plasma can create a wake of plasma oscillations. Electrons trapped in such oscillations can be accelerated under certain conditions to very high energies. We study the conditions for the…
We study the stochastic coagulation equation using simplified models and efficient Monte Carlo simulations. It is known that (i) runaway growth occurs if the two-body coalescence kernel rises faster than linearly in the mass of the heavier…
Synchrotron emission from runaway electrons may be used to diagnose plasma conditions during a tokamak disruption, but solving this inverse problem requires rapid simulation of the electron distribution function and associated synchrotron…
Runaway electrons are known to provide robust ideal or collisionless kinetic drive for plasma wave instabilities in both the whistler and slow-X branches, via the anomalous Doppler-shifted cyclotron resonances. In a cold and dense…
Benign termination of mega-ampere (MA) level runaway current has been convincingly demonstrated in recent JET and DIII-D experiments, establishing it as a leading candidate for runaway mitigation on ITER. This comes in the form of a runaway…
The dynamics of positive and negative streamers is numerically simulated in atmospheric pressure air. It is shown that positive and negative streamers behave in radically different ways when decelerating and stopping. When the head…
Approximately 30% of all massive stars in the Galaxy are runaways with velocities exceeding 30 km/s. Their high speeds allow them to travel ~0.1-1 kpc away from their birth place before they explode at the end of their several Myr…
A large number of energetic electrons are generated during solar flares. They carry a substantial part of the flare released energy but how these electrons are created is not fully understood yet. This paper suggests that plasma motion in…
In the outskirts of nearby spiral galaxies, star formation is observed in extremely low gas surface densities. Star formation in these regions, where the interstellar medium is dominated by diffuse atomic hydrogen, is difficult to explain…
We investigate the effects of runaway electron current on the dispersion relation of resistive magnetohydrodynamic modes in tokamaks. We present a new theoretical model to derive the dispersion relation, which is based on the asymptotic…
Post-mortem and in-situ evidence is presented in favor of the generation of high-velocity solid dust during the explosion-like interaction of runaway electrons with metallic plasma-facing components in FTU. The freshly-produced solid dust…
Finite density effects can destabilize the metastable vacua in relaxion models. Focusing on stars as nucleation seeds, we derive the conditions that lead to the formation and runaway of a relaxion bubble of a lower energy minimum than in…
Synchrotron radiation observed from runaway electrons (REs) in tokamaks depends upon the position and size of the RE beam, the RE energy and pitch distributions, as well as the location of the observer. We show that experimental synchrotron…