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An effective disruption mitigation system in a tokamak reactor should limit the exposure of the wall to localized heat losses and to the impact of high current runaway electron beams, and avoid excessive forces on the structure. We evaluate…
A large class of Laboratory, Space, and Astrophysical plasmas is nearly collisionless. When a localized energy or particle sink, for example, in the form of a radiative cooling spot or a black hole, is introduced into such a plasma, it can…
When planetesimals grow via collisions in a turbulent disk, stirring through density fluctuation caused by turbulence effectively increases the relative velocities between planetesimals, which suppresses the onset of runaway growth. We…
Ions accelerated by electric fields (so-called runaway ions) in plasmas may explain observations in solar flares and fusion experiments, however limitations of previous analytic work have prevented definite conclusions. In this work we…
Superconducting material enables fusion reactor magnet concepts to operate with current densities that would melt materials with non-zero resistance. The application of superconducting material is considered essential for net-positive power…
A kinetic model for studying the time evolution of the distribution function for microwave start-up is presented. The model for the distribution function is two dimensional in momentum space, but, for simplicity and rapid calculations, has…
Hollow cathodes are becoming the bottleneck of many electric propulsion systems, because of the sputtering and erosion on both cathodes and thrusters from the generation of anomalously energetic ions. So far, it is believed that energetic…
We study the formation of highly excited neutral atoms during the break-up of strongly-driven molecules. Past work on this significant phenomenon has shown that during the formation of highly excited neutral atoms ($\mathrm{H^{*}}$) during…
Starquakes probably occur in rapidly spinning or ultra high field neutron stars. In this article, we argue that highly compressed gas containing electron-positron pairs could evaporate and erupt from inside the neutron star when a crack…
Quantum particles can penetrate potential barriers by tunneling (1). If that barrier is rotating, the tunneling process is modified (2,3). This is typical for electrons in atoms, molecules or solids exposed to strong circularly polarized…
In semiconductor detectors designed for capturing dark matter particles or neutrinos, when the detection threshold is constantly improved to increasingly low energies, an "excess" signal of apparent energy release events below a few hundred…
Persistent high-energy emission of magnetars is produced by a plasma corona around the neutron star, with total energy output of ~10^{36}erg/s. The corona forms as a result of occasional starquakes that twist the external magnetic field of…
We explore the pulsar slot gap electrodynamics up to very high altitudes, where for most relatively rapidly rotating pulsars both the standard small-angle approximation and the assumption that the magnetic field lines are ideal stream lines…
The additional pumping of energy into arc plasma flow by the self-consistently formed radially directed beam of high-energy electrons for evaporation of micro-droplets is considered. The radial beam appears near the inner cylindrical…
We analyze the dynamics of fast electrons in plasmas containing partially ionized impurity atoms, where the screening effect of bound electrons must be included. We derive analytical expressions for the deflection and slowing-down…
This paper presents the calculation of the bounce-averaged drift of trapped particles in a near-axis framework for axisymmetric and quasisymmetric magnetic fields that possess up-down and stellarator symmetry respectively. This analytic…
We consider spherical stellar clusters with a broad mass function and a relaxation time short enough so that the segregation of massive stars toward the centre occurs before they have time to evolve off the main sequence. The relaxational…
We investigate beam loading and emittance preservation for a high-charge electron beam being accelerated in quasi-linear plasma wakefields driven by a short proton beam. The structure of the studied wakefields are similar to those of a…
According to the standard scenario of plasma emission, escaping radiations are generated by the nonlinear development of the kinetic bump-on-tail instability driven by a single beam of energetic electrons interacting with plasmas. Here we…
This paper discusses several aspects of current research on high energy emission from supernova remnants, covering the following main topics: 1) The recent evidence for magnetic field amplification near supernova remnant shocks, which makes…