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High-quality commit messages are critical for maintaining software projects, yet ensuring their consistency and informativeness remains a practical challenge. While the Conventional Commits Specification (CCS) provides a structured format…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Zirui Wan , Zhaonan Wu , Xinyi Hou , Yanjie Zhao , Pengcheng Xia , Haoyu Wang

One single code change can significantly influence a wide range of software systems and their users. For example, 1) adding a new feature can spread defects in several modules, while 2) changing an API method can improve the performance of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2016-06-13 Daoyuan Li , Li Li , Dongsun Kim , Tegawendé F. Bissyandé , David Lo , Yves Le Traon

Automated code summarization is a long-standing goal for code comprehension. This task automatically generates documentation using a given method. Deep Learning (DL)-based approaches have been proven beneficial for various software…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Antonio Vitale , Antonio Mastropaolo , Rocco Oliveto , Massimiliano Di Penta , Simone Scalabrino

The increasing electricity demands of personal computers, communication networks, and data centers contribute to higher atmospheric greenhouse gas emissions, which in turn lead to global warming and climate change. Therefore the energy…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Tom Cappendijk , Pepijn de Reus , Ana Oprescu

Background: Bots help automate many of the tasks performed by software developers and are widely used to commit code in various social coding platforms. At present, it is not clear what types of activities these bots perform and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-11-10 Tapajit Dey , Bogdan Vasilescu , Audris Mockus

This paper presents a study of using large language models (LLMs) in modifying existing code. While LLMs for generating code have been widely studied, their role in code modification remains less understood. Although "prompting" serves as…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Ningzhi Tang , Emory Smith , Yu Huang , Collin McMillan , Toby Jia-Jun Li

Commit messages are crucial in software development, supporting maintenance tasks and communication among developers. While Large Language Models (LLMs) have advanced Commit Message Generation (CMG) using various software contexts, some…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Jiawei Li , David Faragó , Christian Petrov , Iftekhar Ahmed

A crucial activity in software maintenance and evolution is the comprehension of the changes performed by developers, when they submit a pull request and/or perform a commit on the repository. Typically, code changes are represented in the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Lei Chen , Michele Lanza , Shinpei Hayashi

Generating accurate code review comments remains a significant challenge due to the inherently diverse and non-unique nature of the task output. Large language models pretrained on both programming and natural language data tend to perform…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-11-18 Md. Asif Haider , Ayesha Binte Mostofa , Sk. Sabit Bin Mosaddek , Anindya Iqbal , Toufique Ahmed

We propose a novel task of jointly repairing program codes and generating commit messages. Code repair and commit message generation are two essential and related tasks for software development. However, existing work usually performs the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-28 Jiaqi Bai , Long Zhou , Ambrosio Blanco , Shujie Liu , Furu Wei , Ming Zhou , Zhoujun Li

Software maintenance constitutes a substantial portion of the total lifetime costs of software, with a significant portion attributed to code comprehension. Software comprehension is eased by documentation such as comments that summarize…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Skyler Grandel , Scott Thomas Andersen , Yu Huang , Kevin Leach

Commit messages provide descriptions of the modifications made in a commit using natural language, making them crucial for software maintenance and evolution. Recent developments in Large Language Models (LLMs) have led to their use in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Aaron Imani , Iftekhar Ahmed , Mohammad Moshirpour

Code refinement aims to enhance existing code by addressing issues, refactoring, and optimizing to improve quality and meet specific requirements. As software projects scale in size and complexity, the traditional iterative exchange between…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Qi Guo , Xiaofei Xie , Shangqing Liu , Ming Hu , Xiaohong Li , Lei Bu

Code clones are code snippets that are identical or similar to other snippets within the same or different files. They are often created through copy-and-paste practices and modified during development and maintenance activities. Since a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-09-16 Reishi Yokomori , Katsuro Inoue

As developers increasingly rely on LLM-generated code summaries for documentation, testing, and review, it is important to study whether these summaries accurately reflect what the program actually does. LLMs often produce confident…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Lara Khatib , Micheal Pu , Bogdan Vasilescu , Meiyappan Nagappan

Many software metrics are designed to measure aspects that are believed to be related to software quality. Static software metrics, e.g., size, complexity and coupling are used in defect prediction research as well as software quality…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-05-31 Alexander Trautsch , Johannes Erbel , Steffen Herbold , Jens Grabowski

Code summary generation is the task of writing natural language descriptions of a section of source code. Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) and other AI-based technologies have helped make automatic code summarization a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Chia-Yi Su , Aakash Bansal , Yu Huang , Toby Jia-Jun Li , Collin McMillan

Language models have shown strong capabilities across a wide range of tasks in software engineering, such as code generation, yet they suffer from hallucinations. While hallucinations have been studied independently in natural language and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Chunhua Liu , Hong Yi Lin , Patanamon Thongtanunam

Background: Understanding maintenance activities performed in a source code repository could help practitioners reduce uncertainty and improve cost-effectiveness by planning ahead and pre-allocating resources towards source code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2017-11-16 Stanislav Levin , Amiram Yehudai

Descriptive comments play a crucial role in the software engineering process. They decrease development time, enable better bug detection, and facilitate the reuse of previously written code. However, comments are commonly the last of a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-04-02 Jessica Moore , Ben Gelman , David Slater