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Understanding the reasons behind past code changes is critical for many software engineering tasks, including refactoring and reviewing code, diagnosing bugs, and implementing new features. Unfortunately, locating and reconstructing this…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Mehedi Sun , Antu Saha , Nadeeshan De Silva , Antonio Mastropaolo , Oscar Chaparro

In collaborative open-source development, the rationale for code changes is often captured in commit messages, making them a rich source of valuable information. However, research on rationale in commit messages remains limited. In this…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Mouna Dhaouadi , Bentley James Oakes , Michalis Famelis

Corrective maintenance is crucial to ensure the quality of software, thereby improving reliability and user experience. In a version control system (VCS), developers write commit messages to document their changes and support later…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Syful Islam , Stefano Zacchiroli

GitHub commits, which record the code changes with natural language messages for description, play a critical role for software developers to comprehend the software evolution. To promote the development of the open-source software…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-01-24 Shangqing Liu , Yanzhou Li , Xiaofei Xie , Yang Liu

Commit message is one of the most important textual information in software development and maintenance. However, it is time-consuming to write commit messages manually. Commit Message Generation (CMG) has become a research hotspot.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Linghao Zhang , Hongyi Zhang , Chong Wang , Peng Liang

Applying machine learning to tasks that operate with code changes requires their numerical representation. In this work, we propose an approach for obtaining such representations during pre-training and evaluate them on two different…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-07-12 Mikhail Pravilov , Egor Bogomolov , Yaroslav Golubev , Timofey Bryksin

Commit messages are crucial to software development, allowing developers to track changes and collaborate effectively. Despite their utility, most commit messages lack important information since writing high-quality commit messages is…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-08-16 Aleksandra Eliseeva , Yaroslav Sokolov , Egor Bogomolov , Yaroslav Golubev , Danny Dig , Timofey Bryksin

Commit messages are crucial in software development, supporting maintenance tasks and communication among developers. While Large Language Models (LLMs) have advanced Commit Message Generation (CMG) using various software contexts, some…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-20 Jiawei Li , David Faragó , Christian Petrov , Iftekhar Ahmed

Automatic generation of high-quality commit messages for code commits can substantially facilitate software developers' works and coordination. However, the semantic gap between source code and natural language poses a major challenge for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-22 Lun Yiu Nie , Cuiyun Gao , Zhicong Zhong , Wai Lam , Yang Liu , Zenglin Xu

Understanding the changes made by developers when they submit a pull request and/or perform a commit on a repository is a crucial activity in software maintenance and evolution. The common way to review changes relies on examining code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Lei Chen , Michele Lanza , Shinpei Hayashi

Commit messages are the atomic level of software documentation. They provide a natural language description of the code change and its purpose. Messages are critical for software maintenance and program comprehension. Unlike documenting…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-12-06 Eman Abdullah AlOmar , Jiaqian Liu , Kenneth Addo , Mohamed Wiem Mkaouer , Christian Newman , Ali Ouni , Zhe Yu

Commit messages are important for software development and maintenance. Many neural network-based approaches have been proposed and shown promising results on automatic commit message generation. However, the generated commit messages could…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Ensheng Shi , Yanlin Wang , Wei Tao , Lun Du , Hongyu Zhang , Shi Han , Dongmei Zhang , Hongbin Sun

To support software developers in understanding and maintaining programs, various automatic (source) code summarization techniques have been proposed to generate a concise natural language summary (i.e., comment) for a given code snippet.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Weisong Sun , Yun Miao , Yuekang Li , Hongyu Zhang , Chunrong Fang , Yi Liu , Gelei Deng , Yang Liu , Zhenyu Chen

Code commits in a version control system (e.g., Git) should be atomic, i.e., focused on a single goal, such as adding a feature or fixing a bug. In practice, however, developers often bundle multiple concerns into tangled commits, obscuring…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Beomsu Koh , Neil Walkinshaw , Donghwan Shin

Appropriate comments of code snippets provide insight for code functionality, which are helpful for program comprehension. However, due to the great cost of authoring with the comments, many code projects do not contain adequate comments.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-11-28 Wenhao Zheng , Hong-Yu Zhou , Ming Li , Jianxin Wu

Context: Software systems are in continuous evolution through source code changes to fixing bugs, adding new functionalities and improving the internal architecture. All these practices are recorded in the version history, which can be…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-01-17 Leandro Ungari Cayres , Bruno Santos de Lima , Rogério Eduardo Garcia

Code Language Models have been trained to generate accurate solutions, typically with no regard for runtime. On the other hand, previous works that explored execution optimisation have observed corresponding drops in functional correctness.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Leonidas Gee , Milan Gritta , Gerasimos Lampouras , Ignacio Iacobacci

Commit messages play a key role in documenting the intent behind code changes. However, they are often low-quality, vague, or incomplete, limiting their usefulness. Commit Message Generation (CMG) aims to automatically generate descriptive…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Bo Xiong , Linghao Zhang , Zongen Ren , Chong Wang , Peng Liang

Commit messages are natural language descriptions of code changes, which are important for software evolution such as code understanding and maintenance. However, previous methods are trained on the entire dataset without considering the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Wei Tao , Yucheng Zhou , Yanlin Wang , Hongyu Zhang , Haofen Wang , Wenqiang Zhang

Automatic testing is a widely adopted technique for improving software quality. Software developers add, remove and update test methods and test classes as part of the software development process as well as during the evolution phase,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2017-09-27 Stanislav Levin , Amiram Yehudai